This chapter provides an overview of the existing literature, exploring the various potential applications of E-health enhancing the effectiveness of health information and E-consulting platforms also booking system. The research needs to be carried out to identify the most suitable tools and techniques that need to be utilised here to develop the healthcare website called “HealthHub General Practitioner (GP)”. This review aims to ascertain the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), video consulting, and related technologies on many domains within the field of telemedicine. Healthcare in the past year wasn’t getting enough love for our government, as mentioned in the proposal that most healthcare providers have problems with their application or website such as, missing text, button, appointment slot. This is where HealthHub is going to enhance and improve telemedicine sector.

This study was primarily done to address the most appropriate methods and tools which need to be evaluated in order to develop the healthcare website known as “HealthHub General Practitioner”. This research would effectively assist in identifying the impact of Artificial intelligence and other related technologies in the telemedicine field.

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Literature Review

Health care applications are used on a day-to-day basis. Since we now live in the era of technology. Implementing an online booking system for mobile phones Along with web-based applications, they play a crucial role in telehealth.

Investigation and Research

Based on the finding of Kharosheh and Jawabreh (2023), with the increase in smartphone sales in recent years has led individuals to rely on mobile applications as a means of achieving their objectives and simplifying their daily routines. Therefore, they presented a mobile application for people that solely involved face-to-face interactions with healthcare centres, where it allows the user to register online and start to connect with health care doctors, among many other features. However, one of the main limitations of this work that it does not consider the people mobilities where a lot of people with certain diseases may not be able to attend appointments, and many patients may not need to be seen by a doctor.

According to Bohr and Memarzadeh (2020), it is believed that web-based health application is usually used for assessing health conditions, booking E-consultation and accessing health-related information. Therefore, healthcare treatment becomes more accessible through web-based health applications by taking consolations of healthcare professionals online. Our project allows the patient to choose from many options, including voice chat, video consulting, expanding with these features can help the end user discuss any issues online without the need to be seen by a doctor moreover, avoiding unnecessary appointment can help reduce the load on the (GPs) In addition, allocating staff members with sufficient time can enable them to address emergencies that pose a greater risk to human life.

Based on the findings of Zhou et al (2019), apps for mobile health (mHealth) can be used for things like managing health, changing behaviours, collecting health data, managing diseases, self-diagnosis. They can also be used as an electronic patient portal and to inform people to take their medications. A lot of research has been done on mHealth apps, and the results show that well-designed mHealth apps can give people more power, help them take their medications as prescribed, and lower the cost of health care. However, in their work they have not dealt with the use of a website to expand the availability to access their application; a website can be used only when the user needs telemedicine. A recent study found that about half of people who use mHealth apps stop using some of them due to a lack of use for them or a loss of interest. The Health Hub project is going to be built as a fully responsive website that works on mobile phones and any other device that has access to a web browser. People seeking health advice or any other telehealth service do not have to download an application and install it to use it once, and forget about it.

Figure 1 indicates that website is more powerful than mobile based application.

Figure 1. Which is the better option for building healthcare system (Gayane, 2023).

Based on the research conducted by Holly (2013), the aim when it comes to healthcare applications is to improve health for the individual, community or national level. In the age of technology, stakeholders have witnessed a steady growth of communication and information that extends to healthcare. The use and deployment of websites and (mHealth) are expected to rise in future years as a means of facilitating improved communication between nurses and patients. The 21st century was a massive jump in the technology and development of application, artificial intelligence (AI) have been revolutionized in numerous industries and sectors. Therefore, the development of a health application is imperative to facilitate health promotion and illness management.

As per the study of Ashfaq et al. (2022), AI brings revolutionary change to the healthcare sector by introducing the “Internet of Medical Things” (IoMT) in terms of automating health monitoring. An AI-based application has been developed here by using AI and machine learning. The system has been developed to monitor different physiological parameters such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature, and report other health statuses automatically. Initial observations suggest that there may be a link between Health Hub Project, since (AI) has enough potential to transform the healthcare sector. It has been identified that AI-driven chatbots have been rising as a parallel alternative to users for getting medical advice. Our suggested project will evaluate the switching intention of users to healthcare web applications based on chatbot technology while there is no available doctor to discuss any health-related issues unlike “Digi-Healthcare” which only monitor user health.
this is done.

As explained by Hindi et al (2018), most pharmacists have a lack of access to people seeking medical care through their medical records. This made it harder to get in touch with other staff members after working hours, which made mistakes by chemists more likely to happen. Furthermore, Hindi et al (2018) also suggests that the (GPs) setting of community pharmacies played a role in reinforcing consumers’ negative opinions regarding their ability to offer comprehensive healthcare services; this is one of the limitations found in the research. This is where the HealthHub project can offer a solution, to provide real-time access to shared data like medical records to minimize the risk of duplicate medical errors and, even more important, make a specific dashboard for ordering medication on the website. Only doctors and pharmacists can have access to review the medication offered to the user before due time. A recent study conducted by Ventola (2014), it was observed that documentation created through the use of mobile devices exhibited superior quality in terms of clinical findings and accurate progress assessment, compared to documentation created using traditional paper records Just as important, according to Mickan et al. (2013) the utilisation of mobile devices and websites has been observed to have a substantial impact on the reduction of prescription error rates, as indicated by statistical analysis ( from 22% to 8%, P < 0.05)

Research Findings

It has been summarised from reviewing several literature sources on the research topic that artificial and AI-driven chatbot technologies played a pivotal role in improving web-based healthcare applications. AI-chatbot technologies in E-healthcare consultation applications improve the healthcare access of patients by providing diagnostic reports and medical advice while providing cost-effective solutions to healthcare providers. It helps in strengthening the responsive and interactive features of chatbot technology. HealthHub will provide a live chatbot that can help patient when there is no available doctor with medical advice or to check if their life is really in need of medical treatment.

The main finding of this study is that in recent times the dependencies on mobile applications have been effectively enhanced. Henceforth, medical fields are presenting a mobile application for people who are solely involved in face-to-face interactions. The mobile application would effectively allow to register online, which would save both time and cost. The study further highlights that healthcare treatment has been becoming much more accessible through the web-based application taking healthcare consolation online. It had been further found out that, apps for mobile health (mHealth) could be utilized for different kinds of factors such as self-diagnosis, managing disease, gathering health data, changing behaviour and managing health. This advanced mobile application could be also utilized as a prime electronic portal besides informing people about taking medicine. Thus, it could state that the advanced application would significantly assist in improving the overall health care system.

Summary

Research is limited when it comes to healthcare system the need of new and improved system to help people for their health. HealthHub is going to present a website that might help stakeholder to reach their target audience where they are spending their time online. Its goal is to make it simpler for consumers to access medical care when they need it. People, for instance, would wait in queue for hours in order to schedule an appointment. However, people may get all the facts they need and schedule an appointment with the help of a medical website. As a result, it facilitates efficiency gains for both patients and medical staff.

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References

Ashfaq, Z., Mumtaz, R., Rafay, A., Zaidi, S.M.H., Saleem, H., Mumtaz, S., Shahid, A., Poorter, E.D. and Moerman, I., 2022. Embedded AI-based digi-healthcare. Applied Sciences, 12(1), p.519. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/519

Bohr, A. and Memarzadeh, K., 2020. The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare applications. In Artificial Intelligence in healthcare (pp. 25-60). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128184387000022

Gayane (2023). Mobile App or a Responsive Website: Which is the better option? [online] www.cypressoft.com. Available at: https://www.cypressoft.com/post/mobile-app-versus-responsive-website/ [Accessed 16 Nov. 2023].

Hindi, A.M.K., Jacobs, S. and Schafheutle, E.I. (2018). Solidarity or dissonance? A systematic review of pharmacist and GP views on community pharmacy services in the UK. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12618.

Holly, B. (2013). Innovation in practice: mobile phone technology in patient care. core.ac.uk, [online] 13(1462-4753). Available at: https://core.ac.uk/reader/76974244?utm_source=linkout [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].

Kharosheh, B. and Jawabreh, T. (2023). Software Graduation Project. [online] Available at: https://repository.najah.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0e0b505e-0b14-4be1-87e6-ab12be181a3a/content [Accessed 1 Nov. 2023].

Mickan, S., Tilson, J.K., Atherton, H., Roberts, N.W. and Heneghan, C. (2013). Evidence of Effectiveness of Health Care Professionals Using Handheld Computers: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, [online] 15(10), p.e212. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2530.

Ventola, C.L. (2014). Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits. P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, [online] 39(5), pp.356–64. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4029126/#b13-ptj3905356 [Accessed 16 Nov. 2023].

Zhou, L., Bao, J., Setiawan, I.M.A., Saptono, A. and Parmanto, B. (2019). The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ): Development and Validation Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(4), p.e11500. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/11500.