by Herman Bailey | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
Born in January 1839, the French artist Paul Cezanne has made a significant contribution to the transformation of art to how it is today (Cezzane). He joined the Saint Joseph school and later the college of Bourbon in Aix. It was until 1857when he began attending drawing classes in the Free Municipal School of drawing in Aix. His father, Auguste Cezanne, was the founder of a banking firm which guaranteed financial security in his education process. However, his father was pessimistic about his choice of career in art. He sponsored his enrollment in Law school from 1858 until 1861. He demonstrated his passion for art and departed his home for Paris on completion of his Law study. His father was embarrassed by his son’s decision but he eventually reconciled with him and provided more financial support to succeed his artistic ambitions. In this paper, I will explore Paul Cezanne’sartistic styles which took a different path from the previous and existing artists. I will also discuss the contributions he made to cubism, which has influenced the modern world today.
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The landscape style
Paul Cezanne demonstrated his ambition for art over his years. He attracted the attention of the fathers of art who were intrigued by his style of art. He met the Impressionist Camille Pissarro in Paris, who guided him in his mastery of artwork. Cezanne desired to deviate from the obvious painting techniques and resort to a style of his own. He began by painting the landscape. Unlike other artists, he chose colours as a representation of the natural landscape. In his initial drawings, he captured a wide area of natural landscape and designed colours to represent various objects. He developed an interest in working his art from direct observation rather than through imagination. He maintained his desire to produce art made from direct observation and improved his choice of artistic representation of the natural phenomena.
Relationship with impressionists
He lived around impressionists but was hardly interested in developing art using their techniques. First of all, when it came to impressionism, he preferred working in the studio, unlike landscape art. He rejected orderly and organized art created from spontaneous brushwork. His main focus was symbolism and substance, unlike the impressionists who targeted style. Paul wanted to transform impressionism from art of style to his type of art with solid backgrounds bound to last long in museums. He foresaw the evolution of art in the future centuries. Cezanne was a one-of-a-kind artist of his time who barely faced much opposition but distinctive support from the masters of art. Some of the styles he used that defined his paintings are his constructive brushwork, bright colour and skewed perspective.
Constructive brushwork
He adopted the broken brushwork technique from the impressionists. This was after he exhausted his devotion to palette knives which produced highly textured images. He used a constructive style of brushwork in which he developed distinctive objects from multiple marks made on his painting field. As seen in the painting, The Bathers (1906), each mark was in unison with each next in the creation of geometric forms which represented recognizable images. Unlike other artists, he did not use dark lines to outline his objects. Instead, his contrasting brushwork showed the outlines of the objects in his paintings, especially where points of contact were delicate.
Bright colour
Besides his constructive brushwork, he adopted the use of bright colour in his paintings. Most of his paintings were characterized by their bright colour. He discovered that the natural sunlight could not be reproduced in paintings, so, he chose to use bright colours to represent the sunlight effect on the environment. He also reduced the physical environment captured in his landscape paintings to mere blocks of colours. According to him, his representation was more substantive and promised the development of art. His paintings had high contrast images which when solitarily picked out as a section of any of his drawing, would not bring out its meaning. The bright colour technique workedconjointly with the style of brushwork. One would only make sense out of his paintings only if they observed it as a whole and not by detaching the multiple marks which represented various features.
Skewed perspective
In the paint, “The basket of apples” Cezanne brings out a technique which was never used before by other artists. Instead of embracing the realistic portrayal of space, he focuses on creating almost similar paintings made from the same observation but from different angles of view. In addition to his constructive brushes, he emphasizes in the visibility of the different objects in the scene. In the painting, he flattens the surface to bring out his creative image of the basket, apples, bottle, and the background where the table is placed. It was until 1957 when Georges Braque noted that the technique would play a major role in cubism. The piece of art marked Cezanne’s gateway into cubism.
The rise of cubism
Cubism was a traditional form of modern art developed by Picasso Pablo and Georges Braque in the 20th century. The artists noted that the world was changing rapidly and artists had to respond to guarantee their identities and legacies in the modern world. They challenged the existing forms of art which had been their guide since the Italian Renaissance. They sought to discover new and effective ways of representing art as depicted in the modern age. The modern age was characterized by rapid technological advances including the development of photography and cinematography which threatened the identity of the artists (Olive-Tomas et al. 1910). Therefore, the cubists collaborated to establish newer and modern ways to express art in modern societies. Cubism defined the new ways they discovered, ways that would change how they saw and presented the world in the form of art.
His contribution to cubism
Paul Cezanne ignored the traditional ways of art perspective which demanded artists to draw objects of three dimensions in two-dimensional techniques. He found the idea rather compromising and emphasized on creating art in three dimensions as they were visualized by the human eye. This explained why he chose to use flat surfaces in his paintings; to create more space to fill with objects that would bring out the three-dimensional view. His aim was to point out the difference between reality and paintings (Artfactory). He tended to face reality, unlike other artists who focused on creating images that would be rendered questionable on whether they were realistic or not. With the discovery of photography, Cezanne’s ideas on Cubism perspective were embraced by all cubists who incorporated his style in their artwork after the birth of cubism.
L’Estaque
Despite the fact that Cezanne’s artwork differed largely from the Cubists’ works, they all agreed that his art was remarkable and stood to be the threshold for future cubist art. It is important to note that the title “Cubism” emerged from Cezanne’s work. He frequently painted a village in France, L’Estaque using the line and colour art style. Georges Braque, later on, attempted to draw a painting born from Cezanne’s picture of the village (Smith & Terry 84).
Cezanne’s geometry
The cubists also identified Cezanne’s style of geometry in his art production. They noted that in all his paintings, he used geometric figures to represent natural phenomena. This was one of the major characteristics of art in the cubism era. Cezanne escaped the struggle to present nature in art using rather complex forms that would bring to question the attachment of the paintings to the real world. Simply put, he unravelled the secrets to aligning the traditional methods of developing art with the method implications of the modern era. In his paintings, he created a large volume observable to the human eye in the real world, all in one picture (The Westologist). His compression was marked outstanding and remained a significant influence on the cubist founders. The cubists also demonstrated their recognition of his perspective design in art.
Cezanne foresees the evolution of art
After the rise of cubism, Cezanne secured a new title in the art industry, “The father of modern art.” Since he developed an interest in art, his ideologies on how art should be portrayed in paintings reformed the whole industry. This was made possible by the acceptance of his work by the former father of art, Picasso. Cezanne developed his art in due creativity nurtured by his ambitious nature. He always wanted to develop art that had not been made before. His innovative mind led him to visualize the world in a completely new way. In his landscape creation, Cezanne tells that art made at the studio is nothing compared to the art made in the real environment. His understanding of the transformation of art from the visual analysis to a painting saved important aspects of art. He noted that several objects may be lost if all artists chose to produce their work in studios. A closer comparison with art today, especially in photography reveals that drawings made from studios barely have a sense of preserving the components of the natural environment. Photography would capture everything in the field of view. Besides, they meet the three dimension requirement as per the Cubists’ stipulations.
His death
Years passed as Cezanne made significant progress in the creation of his art albums until the day when he went to the field, during stormy weather, to work on a painting. After hours of working, on exposure to the harsh environmental conditions, he set to suspend his work until the next day. Unluckily, he passed out on his way home. He was rescued by a driver who happened to be passing by. His housekeeper provided him with ample treatment which restored his health; little did they know the recovery was short-lived. The next day, he woke up healthy and set to resume his work but fainted before his resumption. His colleague called for professional medical aid who demanded that he be laid to bed until he fully recovered. It was not until a few days later when he was pronounced dead from Pneumonia. He was buried in his hometown in the Saint-Pierre Cemetery.
Conclusion
Despite his demise in 1906, he remained a legend in the field of art. He was not only identified as the father of modern art but was recognized as the father of cubism. It was intriguing that his work was accepted and faced minor criticism from the existing art structures. His mastery in art not only influenced the upcoming artists but also those who guided him to his level of expertise. His reformative techniques in art backboned the industry until other artists emerged and improved his work. All the same, Paul Cezanne remains to be an important figure in the field of art until today. His paintings remain valuable assets in the museums today. To other artists, he taught determination and perseverance to ensure that the world inclines to hear the voice of artists. He also nurtured the potentiality of re-development of art as technology advances. He inspired a modern and artistic view of the world and its visual components when he advocated for the development of three-dimensionalarts. Fighting his battles alone, Cezanne demonstrated that his ideas were worth the attention of other artists. His desire for art led to a temporal stalemate between him and his father who later gave up trying to lead him to a different interest in the course of pursuing his studies.
Works cited
Artfactory. Cubism. 2018. Accessed at http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/cubism.htm
Cézanne, Paul. Conversations with Cézanne. Univ of California Press, 2001.
Olive-Tomas, Antoni, and Susan S. Harmeling. “The rise of art movements: an effectual process model of Picasso’s and Braque’s give-and-take during the creation of Cubism (1908 1914).” Small Business Economics (2019): 1-24.
Richman. K. “Why Post-Impressionist Painter Paul Cézanne Is Known as the “Father of Modern Art”13.2 (1-6) May 11, 2018. Accessed at https://mymodernmet.com/paul-cezanne-paintings/
Smith, Terry. “Cézanne: Figuring Truth in Painting.” boundary 2 43.4 (2016): 71-125.
The westologist. Cultural insight. “How Cezanne influenced Cubism”. 2018. Accessed at http://www.thewestologist.com/arts/how-cezanne-influenced-cubism
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Navy SEALs are superior operations command force selected from the army, navy, and air forces. The SEAL started in the United States in 1962 under the Presidency of John F. Kennedy. It began as a minimal and top maritime military power to eccentric demeanor competition, and currently is the largest and supreme authoritative navy in the entire world. The U.S. Navy originated during the Revolutionary conflict in America from the Continental Navy (Blewett, 2009). The Navy SEALs undergo training, which make them suitable to work in any environments including air, water, and land. The training prepares them to operate in extreme climates such as freezing arctic, deserts, and humid jungles. This paper explores the history and heritage of the Navy SEALs by discussing the evolutionary development and impact of the force on military operations.
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The Navy embedded in the American maritime custom, which shaped a great community of captains, sailors, and shipbuilders in the expatriate period. In the beginning, Massachusetts owned its Navy before the American Revolutionary War (Hawkins, 2014). The formation of a national navy became a disturbing subject of discussion among the Second Continental Congress committee. However, the proposers debated the role of the navy in curbing security matters. They argued that a navy would defend the coast and provide protection from enemies, hence paving ways for supports from neighboring countries (Marquis, 2007). The proposal of national navy foundation diminished proceeding the loss incurred by the Continental Navy that dispersed them at the end of Revolutionary War.
The United States quitted the Navy for approximately a decade until the launch of the first Navy warship in 1797 (Blewett, 2009). Their major role was to protect small units and fight in missions with high-impact, such as platforms with huge profile: tanks, ships, and jets. The power of Navy played a very crucial role in the American Civil War. They blocked all main ports, which stopped coastal trade and exportation to foreign countries (Crawford & Brentwood, 2004). The internal transportation for the Confederates become tiresome as the Navy took control over the rivers systems. By the 20th century, the U.S. began to expand its navy making it most powerful navy battleship compared to Britain and Germany (Hawkins, 2014). The Navy contributed to several important fights such as Solomon Islands and Battle of Midway and Coral Sea. The growth of the navy continued enormously since the U.S. became strong and frequent.
The management of Navy is under Navy Department controlled by the civilian Secretary of the Navy. This department has two division with the other one being defense force department headed by Defense Secretary. According to Marquis (2007), the senator officer of the naval of the Navy departments is Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). However, the highest rank in the management is the chairperson of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for Navy offices. The national security of the U.S. plays a significant role of the president. The naval operations and Navy secretary are responsible for the training, recruiting, organizing, and proving adequate equipment for the navy to enhance its operations.
The Navy has approximately 500,000 personnel, which the commissioned officers, sailors, and midshipmen from the Naval Academy and Reserve Officer Training Corps (Hawkins, 2014). The sailors under several training processes to gain the qualifications required. These include; mastering skills from Personnel Qualification Standard and examination pass. Warfare education and experiences comprise aviation, surface, submarine, naval aircrew, information dominance, and special warfare. The navy uniforms are navy blue and white in color, which followed the templates of the royal navy from maritime in the entire world. The ranks of the commissioned officers in the U.S. has three divisions namely: senior, junior, and flag officers (Marquis, 2007). On the other hand, the sailors have five groups: Fireman, Seaman, Airman, Hospital man, and Construction man.
SEALs maintained its survival from the original days because of the trademark in their success and functioning doctrines they implemented through the movements and events of their bequest comrades in Scouts, Maritime, Underwater Demolition teams, and Raiders (Hawkins, 2014). They are always unique since no any other group can replace their actions. They operate in situations of high risk of security, often-isolated places, and hostile conditions, but still manage to achieve the set missions. The principle of survival and teamwork still operate in the teams of special operations, combat divers, and special warfare today.
The evolution of the Navy SEAL brings several unique elements: both surface and subsurface super-high-tech seaborne and well-trained special operations forces. The military synchronizes efforts and works together to achieve their objectives. Today, the Navy get proper training qualifications to be able to transit into and out of harbors underwater without any detections. The fact that the U.S. Navy SEALs can work under very hostile and strict condition with no supervision makes them a special team (Blewett, 2009). Organization leaders should adopt a similar notion of improving their productivity and reducing work-related pressure. Properly trained and experienced workforce assist in stimulating principles at work: such as time management, coordination, teamwork, and ethics at work.
Reference
Blewett, D. K. (2009). American military history: A guide to reference and information sources. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited.
Crawford, S. L., L.O.T.I. Group., & Brentwood Home Video (Firm). (2004). U.S. Navy SEALs: Evolution of the teams. Westlake village, CA: Brentwood Home Video.
Hawkins, T. (2014). The history and heritage of the U.S. Navy SEALs. Chicago: Pritzker Military Museum & Library.
Marquis, S. L. (2007). Unconventional warfare: Rebuilding US special operations forces. Washington, DC: Brookings Inst. Press.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Elaina Ferrell | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Concepts
Hotel operations management covers the day to day running of the hotel. In essence hotel operations management is the backbone upon which the hotel is based. It covers a vast area of responsibility, covering various departments from lodging all the way to entertainment. There are two main categories of hotel operations management and these are:
- Interaction with the employees; in this case, hotel operations covers the duties of supervisors and human resource management. It defines the duties of various employees, in food production, housekeeping and front office.
- Interaction with customers: the main focus of hotel operations management is the satisfaction of customers. This involves customer relations and ensuring proper quality service to the clientele. Quality assurance is vital in ensuring reliable and consistent service to the customers, (Rutherford 2002).
A common concept of hotel operations that is often forgotten is the financial concept. Hotel operations management coordinates the vital requisition of funds and ensures operations are carried out within the budget. With hotel activities, it is possible to forget and indeed work beyond the budget, a fact that could easily lead to the downfall of the hotel in terms of managing losses. Coupled with ensuring an increase in revenue therefore, hotel operations also maintain the budget set forth for the hotel.
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The executive team
In a hotel the general manger is the individual in charge of all aspects of the hotel, ensuring that it is not only running properly but also profitably. The general manager oversees a team of executives to whom he delegates duties in the hotel. These are:
Sales and marketing manager: this executive is basically in charge of increasing revenue to the hotel. In many cases, this manager is often the public relations manager as well. They ensure that clients are aware of the existence and availability of the hotel
Accounts manager: in some cases this executive is also known as the fund’s manager or finance manager. They have a responsibility of managing the incoming and outgoing funds ensuring that all funds are used for purposes beneficial to the hotel.
Human resource manager: basically remains in charge if all employees. He handles hiring and firing of employees, training and development and generation of remuneration packages. In addition, the manager defines the duties and responsibilities of each employee.
Purchases and supply manager: this manager ensures that the hotel’s need for special goods and services is met by sourcing the best suppliers with friendly prices. Further, Vallen and Vallen (2005) state that, if the hotel is involved in supplying or tendering any particular service they are required to ensure that customer needs are met.
Hotel general manager
This post is one of the most competitive and highly recognized posts in any resort and/or hotel. The post requires excellent education which will provide both practical and theoretical knowledge in computer and financial management. Through proper education, I am also able to understand the running of the hotel
An important skill for the general manager that is often overlooked is communication. Communication skills cover not just speaking to people, but also reading and writing. As a general manager, I will often find myself as a bridge between the hotel and its customers as well as employees, (Sudan 2002).
I expect that as a hotel manager, I will often be called upon to troubleshot situations that could become detrimental to the success of the hotel. In this case, I am expected to possess creative and analytical skills to manage challenges quickly as well as effectively.
As a hotel manager, I will be overseeing many departments and will therefore be required to be highly organized in decision making as well as implementation of plans. This will ensure that all activities are coordinated and less confusion is experienced.
REFERENCES
Rutherford, D. G. (2002). Hotel management and operations. New York: Wiley.
Sudan, A. S. (2002). Hotel management. New Delhi, India: Anmol Publications.
Vallen, G. K., & Vallen, J. J. (2005). Check-in, check-out: Managing hotel operations. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall.
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
by Herman Bailey | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Rajkumari Singh was born on October 13 in the year 1923 and lived a legendary life up to the years 1979. Seawar describes Rajkumari Singh as an Indo-Caribbean, a revolutionary Guyanese writer, educator, cultural leader as well as political activist (3). Seawar states that Rajkumari never embraced the identification of a ‘feminist’ although she stands as the Indian Woman who was first who originated from the Caribbean. Seawar says that Rajkumari Singh significantly contributed towards the fight for women empowerment in her part of the world (4). Furthermore, Rajkumari Singh, she established substantial advancements in the culture of the Guyanese national integrations at the same time greatly upholding her Indian culture in the entire process of moulding the new world (Seawar 4).
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According to In Hossein and In Outar, Rajkumari Singh went through numerous challenges throughout her life (5). Rajkumari Singh contracted polio at the age of six, but this was just one of her first challenges in her early life. In Hossein and In Outar points out that she fought all her obstacles and made significant contributions towards Guyana’s cultural as well as political life (7). Furthermore, Rajkumari Singh’s children have held on to her legend expanding her work as well as thriving through Rajkumari Cultural Center located in New York, Richmond Hill (In Hossein and In Outar 7).
Seawar mentions that Rajkumari Singh was brought up in Georgetown, in a devout activist home (5). Rajkumari Singh’s mother Alice Bhagwandai Singh was born in a place known as Suriname. While her father Dr Jung Bahadur Singh was born in a place called West Bank Demerara, Goed Fortuin (Seawar 5). Both of Rajkumari’s parents were both immigrants from India, who migrated to the Caribbean, who got married in 1912 through a process of three different ceremonies: a Hindu, civil as well as Christian ceremony (Trotman 16).
Donnell and Lawson state that in the year 1929, Rajkumari’s mother successfully produced Savitri, and achieved a great foundation of the British Guiana Dramatic Society (35). Furthermore, she was an active influence and power behind various projects of social welfare. According to Donnell and Lawson, Rajkumari’s mother was a legendary member of the YWCA, Red Cross, as well as the Dharm Shala (35). In addition, she often visited the prisons to serve. Donnell and Lawson further state that in the year1936 Rajkumari’s mother was the successful founder of the Balak Sahaita Mandalee; this was a well-known organization dealing with children’s welfare by providing training as well as education for the children in dire need in Eastern India (35). Nevertheless, Rajkumari’s mother achieved the MBE award.
Rajkumari’s father completed his education in medicine and graduated in the year 1919 from the Edinburgh University and began his medical practitioner career working in the transportation ships of Caribbean immigrants heading to India after the completion of their contracts of indentureship (Donnell and Lawson 35). Later on in the year 1920, Rajkumari’s father became the SS Madian medical superintendent; and in the year 1938, he became the SS Ganges surgeon superintendent on SS Ganges (Donnell and Lawson 35).
In Hosein and In Outar mention that both of Rajkumari’s parents were involved in politically induced activities during their professional careers (10). Therefore creating an environment that significantly influenced Rajkumari who then established legendary reputation through her innovativeness, creativeness, the multi-talented producer, playwright, broadcaster, songwriter, director, poet, as well as the cultural activist (In Hosein and In Outar 10).
Seawar states that Rajkumari became an Indian cultural programmes presenter as well as announcer Radio Demerara (25). Rajkumari became an active member of the British Guiana Dramatic Society where she left a mark with Gitangali play (Seawar 25). Rajkumari successfully published six of her short stories all in the ‘A Garland of Stories’.
Rajkumari pathed back to tackling issues in the cultural sphere all in the years around 1970. Therefore she focused on literary related activities as well as broadcasting. As the years went by Rajkumari landed amongst the list of the first Indo-Guyanese women writers who were dedicated to openly speaking about gender as well as ethnic issues that the Indo-Caribbean women are faced with (Trotman 23). Rajkumari later achieved the position of Heritage’s editor, which was a literary booklet. Furthermore, According to Trotman (23), Rajkumari became Messenger Group’s leader where she focused on mentoring Guyana potential talent, giving rise to some legendary figure of the era of post-independence era.
According to Trotman (23), Rajkumari’s passions in arts led to the creation and establishment of Guyana’s post-independence society. Rajkumari strived to educate her community on the opportunities the arts held that should be thoroughly explored. Therefore, in the year 1972, she became a member of the Guyana National Service.
This step, however, brought up so many controversial views from her people but she held on it with certain objectives she wanted to achieve. Moreover, with her leadership in the place, she enables the Guyanese from African ancestry to understand and considerably demystify the Guyana aesthetics within Indian ancestry (Trotman 23). She remained a relentless culture corps defender fighting to turn GNS into a better entity with appropriate founding ideals.
Rajkumari Singh remains a hero of Guyanese culture hero, who brought to light the importance of exploring the history and celebrating the various histories as well as ethnic and racial communities.
Works Cited
Donnell, A., & Lawson, W. S. (1996). The Routledge reader in Caribbean literature. London: Routledge.
In Hosein, G., & In Outar, L. (2016). Indo-Caribbean feminist thought: Genealogies, theories, enactments. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Searwar, L. (1996). They came in ships: An anthology of Indo-Guyanese prose and poetry. Leeds, England: Peepal Tree.
Trotman, D. A. B. (1968). Voices of Guyana: An anthology. Georgetown? Guyana: International P.E.N.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Sarah Bentley | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Steve Jobs was the key founder of Apple Computers assisted by Steve Wozniak. Following his guidance, the firm has pioneered different revolutionary technologies such as the iPad and iPhone. Notably, Steve was an inventor, entrepreneur, and a designer from America being the chairman, chief executive, and the founder of Apple Computer. For a fact, the revolution of Apple products like the iPad, iPhone, and iPod are currently the driving force of modern technological evolution. Steve Jobs was born in 1955 by Wisconsin University graduate students who later left him for adoption. Even though Steve was smart, he was directionless which made him drop from college and started various experiments with many pursuits before he landed to his famous Apple Computers in 1976 assisted by Steve Wozniak (Butcher, 2017). In 1985, he left the organization to launch Pixar Animation Studios; nonetheless, he later went back to Apple after a long time of absentia. Sadly, he died in 2011 being a victim of pancreatic cancer.
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According to the news updates released by Forbes, the approximated Steve’s net worth was about $6.5 to $7 billion from his past sell of Pixar in 2006 that was sold to Walt Disney Company. Nevertheless, if only Steve had not sold the shares of Apple in 1985, the year he left his founded firm and went missing for more than a decade, his overall net worth would have short to about $36 billion (Andre et al, 2016).
Remarkably, many movies that were inspired by Steve’s life were released and are still being released, for example, 2013 critically panned jobs, the 2015 Steve Jobs, the starring Ashton Kutcher, and the Danny Boyle directed starring Michael Fassbender. Besides, many books have been published about the career and life of Steve Jobs such the authorized general bibliography written by Walter Isaacson in 2011 (Carlton and Annotations-Kawasaki, 2015). Most importantly, the book was mainly a critique for its main subject depiction by the Chief executive of Apple Tim Cook, the successor of Steve Jobs. Moreover, in 2012, Karen Blumenthal published an adult young biography as well as Rick Tetzeli and Brent Sclender who both wrote about Becoming Steve Jobs in 2015.
Worth noting, the story of founding the Apple Company is dated back in 1976 whereby, Wozniak came up with the first I computer from Apple, then later Ronald Wayne and Wozniak made the initial setups for the Apple computers. Initially, the Apple computers were sold from the garage of Steve’s parents. Later, Apple computers made rapid expansions as the home computers market turned out to be increasingly significant. In 1984, Steve made his first designs of a Macintosh, which was the initial successful commercial home computers used as a graphical user interface (Carlton and Annotations-Kawasaki, 2015). Markedly, this development was a crucial home computing milestone being the key principle in home computers.
Regardless of the various Steve’s innovative successes at Apple, high friction was noted between other workers and Steve at Apple. Consequently, in 1985 Steve managerial duties were given to another person who made him resign, leaving Apple. Later, he reconsidered the situations that led him to be removed from being the manager at Apple Company and made conclusions that it was the best step that the people took on him since it was a gateway of him regaining a freedom and innovation sense because without it he would be unable to get job in an established company in the future.
Steve Jobs died at the age of 56 years at Palo Alto is a father, husband, and a brother. Importantly, Steve was married to Laurene Powell, who got married in 1991. The two met earlier in 1990 at a business school in Stanford, Powell being a student in MBA. They were blessed with three children and lived in California, Alto(Butcher,2017).
Referring to his biological parents, Joanne Schieble and Abdulfattah, who were two graduate student from Wisconsin University and the same parents who gave on him for adoption, both were learned for instance, his father, Abdulfattah was a professor in political science, his mother, Schieble, as well ,was a therapist in speech. Being an infant, he had no choice in regards to his adoption, where he was put under the care of Paul Jobs and Clara (Andre et al, 2016). His new family lived in California, Mountain View. Notably, Steve and his new father worked in the family garage mainly on electronics, whereby Paul taught his son on ways of taking part and reconstructing electronics, which to Steve; it was a hobby that gave him mechanical prowess, tenacity, and confidence in handling young jobs.
Steve was always an innovative thinker and intelligent, he was subjected to frustration on formal schooling, although he passed well in his elementary school. After completing high school he joined Reed College, dropping after 18 months of schooling. He later recounted on how one calligraphy course made him love typography. This created a path in his career wherein 1974 he was given a video game designer position with Atari (Byrne and Sculley, 2017). Months passed and he left the organization in search of spiritual enlightenment from India, making him travel more and experiment more with psychedelic drugs.
Pros and Cons & References
Steve Jobs
| Pros |
Cons |
| Original
Exploitative
Perseverance
Foresighted
Inspirational
Courageous
Brave
Confident |
Argumentative
Stubborn
Extremist
Lack of trust
Emotional
Unwilling to change
Directionless |
References
Andre, B. K., Coster, D. J., De Iuliis, D., Hankey, E., Howarth, R. P., Ive, J. P., … & Russell-Clarke, P. (2016). U.S. Patent Application No. 29/337,518.
Butcher, L. (2017). Accidental millionaire: the rise and fall of Steve Jobs at Apple Computer. New York: Paragon House.
Byrne, J. A., & Sculley, J. (2017). Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple–a Journey of Adventure, Ideas and the Future. Fitzhenry & Whiteside.
Carlton, J., & Annotations-Kawasaki, G. (2015). Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders. Random House Inc.
With a passion for helping students navigate their educational journey, I strive to create informative and relatable blog content. Whether it’s tackling exam stress, offering career guidance, or sharing effective study techniques
by Sarah Bentley | Mar 11, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2016), schizophrenia is described as a chronic and sere mental illness that affects a person’s wellbeing. The clients are normally characterized by how they behave; think and they normally seem to be living away from reality. The diagnosis of schizophrenia comes with a number of changes in life such the loss of self-identity this may result to feeling of depression and hopelessness (Andreula, 2016). This can also in turn lead to suicidal attempts by the clients and severe depression. Caution should be taken by the clinicians when dealing with newly diagnosed patients. This is why a safety plan that involves listing symptoms experienced by the client at the moment or that are to be experienced in the future are to be developed to help the client be aware of their own symptoms (Andreula, 2016). Early treatment after diagnosis is crucial so as to prevent the condition from becoming worse and unmanageable.
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
There are three categories of the symptoms of schizophrenia; these include negative symptoms, positive symptoms and cognitive (Rosenberg, n.d). In positive symptoms the clients are cut off from reality of life. The symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorderly thinking and body movement disorder (NIMH, 2016). The negative symptoms are characterized lack of motivation in life and reduced expression of emotions and feelings from facial expression to the tone of the voice (NIMH, 2016 and Rosenberg, n.d). The cognitive deficits vary on the client; some experience severe symptoms while for others the symptoms are subtle. They include inability to internalize information and using it in decision making and poor memory (NIMH, 2016).
Ted mostly experienced two categories of schizophrenia symptoms (positive and negative). In the positive symptoms category he experienced hallucinations and delusions these were characterized by his paranoid fear of being murdered. He also experienced the negative symptoms when he had the suicidal thoughts and death wishes. This showed that he lacked motivation to live. During the last day of his life ted lost expression of his feelings and emotions. According to the case study Ted seemed calm and was not afraid anymore.
Burton (2012) defines hallucinations as “a sense perception that arises in absence of a stimulus. It is the feeling of things that are not present in reality. The hallucination of sounds and voices is most common for schizophrenic clients similar to Ted’s. He was afraid that a group of men had surrounded his house just a day before he committed suicide. There are measures and ways that Ted could take to address his hallucinations, delusions and depression symptoms. To help identify the situations that trigger the voices so as to avoid them, Ted could keep records of the voices and the appearance of the people. There is a saying that goes “a problem shared is half solved”, Ted could find a person he trusts and disclose to him/her what he is going through. Another best way to address these symptoms is by finding a distractor, something that can occupy his mind such as reading, listening to music and exercising (Burton, 2012).
Ted Misdiagnosis
There is a high chance that Ted could be suffering from bipolar disorder which he might have been misdiagnosed. Bipolar is a chronic mental illness that is characterized by mood disorder (mania and hypomania), mixed states of emotions and depression (Sajatovic, 2005). The misdiagnosis can be true considering the fact that bipolar disorder is frequently misdiagnosed posing a challenge to the healthcare system. Furthermore bipolar symptoms such as suicidal thoughts and depression are quite similar to schizophrenia’s (Sajatovic, 2005).
Treatment for Teds Symptoms
The specific and precise cause of schizophrenia is not known, so the treatment goals focus on eliminating the symptoms of the condition, prevent relapse and helping clients integrate back into their normal living (Patel et al, 2014). The treatments for ted’s symptoms include:
Non Pharmacological Therapy
These treatments include psychotherapy which is mostly used along with pharmacological treatment. It is an important treatment in making sure that the client does not relapse by remaining adherent to their medication (Patel et al, 2014). It is also a very relevant form of treatment in helping clients cope with the daily challenges of the conditions and play a big role in helping clients gain their old self back. By attending psychosocial therapy, Ted would be able to live normal life as he uses his medication and without having to be hospitalized (NIMH, 2016).
Pharmacological therapy
Most schizophrenic clients have to be given antipsychotic medication in terms of pills or in liquid form before implementing an effective rehabilitation program. The goal of this treatment is to reduce hostility and violent reactions exhibited by the clients during the initial stages so as to calm them down and be able to sleep and eat normally (Patel et al, 2014). Clinicians and clients work together to determine the appropriate dosage according to the client’s response (Patel et al, 2014 and NIMH, 2016). In case a patient is not responsive to the oral medication or he/she is experiencing an adverse side effect, Long Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Agents offer a viable option (Patel et al, 2014).
Coordinated Specialty Care
This form of treatment is aimed to improve quality of life for the client. It incorporates pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological therapy, case management and family support. This treatment is mainly for prevention of relapse as it is done after treatment during the acute phase (Patel et al, 2014).
Effective theory- vulnerability model – as in the case of Ted, this theory maintains that there are emotional and behavioral consequences caused by the clients believe of the voices and imaginary people. The voices and the group of men that Ted was seeing wanted to cause harm according to him, they wanted to murder him. This caused a feeling of fear and anger which can be minimized by talking back to the voices (Gregory, 2010).
Role of Religion in Dealing with Depression and Suicide
When it comes to the identity of an individual, religion plays a very important role. Someone’s religious believes act as a buffer and protector against emotional distress and comforts believers. According to research conducted the rate of suicides are higher in people with no religious affiliation as compared to those who were committed to their religious believes. Many religious people who are distressed turn to religion for hope and comfort (Bhugra, 2010). The Holy books in the different religions offer encouraging words that comforts and takes worry away from the believers. The religious leaders across all religion offer counseling to the believers and assure them that there is hope and that God is not pleased with people who have suicidal wishes. According to many religion people believe that God is the one who gives life hence He is the one to take it.
References
Andruela, T. (2016). Grief and Mourning in Schizophrenia: A Safety Plan | Psych Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/grief-and-mourning-in-schizophrenia-a-safety-plan/
Bhugra, D. (2010). Commentary: Religion, Religious Attitude and Suicide. Retrieved from https://watermark.silverchair.com/dyq232.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAZ0wggGZBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggGKMIIBhgIBADCCAX8GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMxTtTLNAQMKkN7WEaAgEQgIIBUBDXrTboBc1V10Dn6NR5IpXHfsL3CTGWVbktsu26SSVFzmcTkEk0DxqmDGVlyqhx7SZ02HSD7l-0zrSDrike0aDiEREvj_0ZDqABU0k4O9gDDd9BurQUVoU4q33ViSKCDYHJAkKdb9NvHk8-91JHBDqrA0WY2MtPHLItfUlWScCYv4sRU21lPVfma8r_owfcDdcWYijLncenUQcUcmIOXUdhfsh2V3WRx9z4bsBxTNSwlbZnr6M-8wAAIZK_JxWC2IaAxke1X80-kGe75pTQgHSXGfegonCWCUAdHO_okStUotMHwaZczh2cBo8DxkMw0Ztcnu_bKSI3UJKQdLNtxv7GLaRsMM2bN9SbqPe2ju5zXdArh3fWirp8Tlwoq8cPEguSLuhaNHylCGFbx3TKNEwnNiY8vxkkj5GmDSmsXbKhgPRetHZQk6Kd6tHO9K6KmA
Burton, N. (2012). Schizophrenia: Coping with Delusions and Hallucinations. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201208/schizophrenia-coping-delusions-and-hallucinations
Gregory, V. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia: Application to Social Work Practice. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15332980902791086#_i3
Krishna R. Patel, D. (2014). Schizophrenia: Overview and Treatment Options. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159061
NIHM. (2016). NIMH » Schizophrenia. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
Rosenberg, M. Diagnosis, treatment options and costs of Schizophrenia. Retrieved from http://www.namcp.org/journals/jmcm/articles/12-3/schizophrenia.pdf
Sajatovic, M. (2005). Bipolar Disorder: Disease Burden. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fd8f/5ef338b157e364562669fe2b6877161a0377.pdf
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