Managers Encouraging Employees are increasingly becoming an important part of organizational assets. They are considered a source of competitive advantage to their organizations. Human resources are very important for an organization that intends to create a sustainable competitive advantage. Gilbert (1991) indicated that the managers encouraging employees make them perform better than they make the employees who are not encouraged. In order to encourage employees, an organization has to put in place some measures that help the companies to attain high levels of success. This makes the employee encouragement to translate the employee’s potential into employee’s performance and business success (Kular et al, 2008). It is also helpful in changing the way employees perform by improving the communication that takes place in the organization. This argumentative essay will discuss and support that Managers’ encouragement of employee voice can lift well-being and productivity.
Employees tend to be different and varied in attitudes, behavior and the outcomes. Therefore, an organization needs to put measures in place that will ensure that these factors work for the benefit of the organization. Organizations, which encourage their employees, have strong values, trust and fairness based on the mutual respect between the managers and the employees. The voice of Managers Encouraging Employees has been viewed as a way of improving the productivity and performance of the employees. However, it cannot be achieved through manipulation of the employees’ commitments and emotions. It should be conducted in a proper manner so that employees can be freely engaged and willing to give discretionary efforts as part of their daily activities at the workplace. The manager has to ensure that the voice it uses in encouraging his or her employees can achieve high levels of performance.
The voice of the Managers Encouraging Employees has been associated with satisfaction in job, commitment to organization, involvement in job and empowerment feelings among others (Gilbert, 1991). The attitudes and actions of the immediate supervisors help in enhancing the employee engagement if they create an atmosphere, which allows employees to freely and willingly participate in the organizational activities and tasks. The employees should also be able to trust their senior leadership and the leaders have to encourage open communication within the organization. Encouragement of employees can also be achieved through treating employees with respect and ensuring their personal values are taken care of at all levels of the organization (Deegan, 1967).
Research has consistently linked the Managers Encouraging Employees to the business success in different ways such as, employee performance or efficiency, productivity, safety, attendance and retention, customer service and satisfaction and profitability among others (Sekiguchi, 2013). Environment has been volatile and the organizational leaders have to identify talent management strategies that enable their organizations to remain viable for the dynamic business environment. They have to ensure that employees are able to thrive in helping the organization to achieve its goals and objectives.
Organizations are usually faced with the challenge to create an environment where the employees are understanding and are committed to the company’s direction, strategy and goals. Therefore, when managers have to take a holistic and coordinated approach in order to ensure that all the elements of employee encouragement promote the alignment between the employees and the organization. Alignment implies that there should be a fit so that employees are able to understand what is expected of them and become more accountable (Hart & Schlesinger, 1991). It also requires systems and processes that drive the right behaviors. Alignment will also be achieved through capable leadership and creation of a positive work environment. This will enable the organization to produce good results, as the encouraged employees will be able show excellence, which is required for the competitive strength.
Encouragement of the employees has been considered one of the most critical factors that drive the success of the organization. It helps in driving performance in different areas such as customer satisfaction, innovation, profitability, productivity, loyalty and quality. Organization has to work in order to understand the dynamics of employee motivation and determine how they can improve the encouragement. The leaders of the organization have to continuously work on the ways in which encouragement levels can be improved within the organization. Even though encouragement is a complex matter to be measured, it can easily be determined through the levels of employee satisfaction. Highly satisfied employees show high levels of performance and are able to work to achieve great results for the company.
Aguinis & Lengnick-Hall (2012) indicated that Managers Encouraging Employees leads to higher satisfaction of customers, financial performance and higher retention of the talented employees within the organization. There exists a strong linkage between the level at which the organization encourages its employees and the level of its performance. Organizations, which have been the best performers, encourage their employees in the day today running of the business. It is critical that the Managers Encouraging Employees through constant communication. This helps the employees not to only connect to the organization, but also to support its performance. Encouraged employees are able to understand the benefits of good customer experience and satisfaction. This makes them to remain committed to the delivery of products and services of high quality to the customers (Hoch & Dulebohn, 2013). Therefore, leaders within an organization have to ensure that customer satisfaction mechanism are communicated and shared throughout the organization. This will ensure that there is connection between employee encouragement and positive customer experience.
Employee encouragement and loyalty has become a very critical factor for the success and competitiveness of the organization. There are no guarantees of retaining employees until their retirement age. The rate of employee turnover has gone up and this has increased the recruitment costs that an organization has to incur in order to replace the employees who are leaving the company. In order to avoid such costs, it is important that the leaders of the organization devise ways increase the organization’s ability to encourage and retain valuable employees. This will help in improving the company’s bottom line. The managers have to ensure that organizational structure which has been established within the organization able to facilitate interaction and communication between the supervisors and the employees (Hoch & Dulebohn, 2013).
Organizations have an obligation to protect the investment that they have made in the human resources. This can be done by making sure that there is low employee turnover and most of the talent employees are retained by the organization. By Managers Encouraging Employees, the company is able to ensure business continuity and ability to meet its goals and objectives in the future. The organization has to ensure that its employees are properly encouraged and are satisfied when working at the company. Encouraged employees are also able to become more productive and deliver high levels of performance due to high levels of expertise and experience with the organizational processes (Mawoli & Babandako, 2011).
Despite the fact that Managers Encouraging Employees has numerous benefits to both the company and the employee, it also has its limitations. Encouraged workers are usually attuned to the aspects of their work environment. This may either facilitate or affect their job performance. In cases where they are encouraged and without sufficient resources to deliver their best at work, their encouragement may not be beneficial to both the organization and the employees themselves. There are some barriers to encouraged workers’ performance such as lack of budget and equipment support, access to important information and work overload. Some strategic issues such as the goals and objectives of the organization may also affect the performance in cases where the goals and objectives are not clear (Aguinis & Lengnick-Hall, 2012). Employees will only be more encouraged in situations where the leaders are able to provide guidelines for job performance and able to provide sense of clarity.
The benefits of the Managers Encouraging Employees may not be realized in cases where the leaders are not able to appropriately match the employees’ roles with their skills. It is also not easy to reap the benefits of employee encouragement when there is no workplace support that employees need to effectively execute their duties and responsibilities (Lee, 2012). Sometimes it becomes difficult for the leaders of the organization to balance between issues that need to be dealt with urgently and motivation and keeping the employees engaged in their work. Some of the changes that are made at the organization may also not go well with the employees.
Conclusion
Managers Encouraging Employees is a very important aspect of the managing the employees. It is significant since it contributes to the improved performance of both the employees and the organization. Encouraged employees are likely to be more productive and contribute to the satisfaction of the customers. Encouraging employees enables the organization to be in a position to retain its employees. It will be able to retain talented employees. Employee encouragement also has some limitations that organizational leaders have to look into.
References
Aguinis, H., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2012). Assessing the value of human resource certification: A call for evidence-based human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 22(4), 281-284.
Deegan, A. X. (1967). Management by management. Human Resource Management, 6(1), 16-20.
Gilbert, G. R. (1991). Human resource management practices to improve quality: A case example of human resource management intervention in government. Human Resource Management, 30(2), 183-198.
Hart, C., & Schlesinger, L. (1991). Total quality management and the human resource professional: Applying the baldrige framework to human resources. Human Resource Management, 30(4), 433-454.
Hoch, J. E., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2013). Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 114-125.
Kular, S. (2008 Oct). “Employee Engagement: A Literature Review.” Working Paper Series No.19. Retrieved on September 24, 2014 from: http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/4192/1/19wempen.pdf
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
Superannuation has been defined as moneys invested in the productive working life of an individual to return an income stream or a lump sum upon retirement. The superannuation scheme in Australia was initially availed to employees of selected companies since the federation of Australia and was further extended to all public servants. Historically, in the 1970s, the superannuation in Australia was sponsored by the employer and was only available for the executive employees excluding all women. The Australian superannuation system provides equity and economic benefits of the Australian citizens and the entire nation. The scheme has enabled the Australian financial system to perform well in bridging the financial needs of the Australian people.
The scheme has facilitated economic and productivity growth in the country. However, scholars have voiced concerns over the economic benefits and challenges the Australian economy may face in the future which may provide financial implications in the country such as fiscal pressures, financial crisis, changes in technology, productivity growth and international integration. Superannuation describes and analyses the context of assets, financial products and debts that provides real Australian financial position (Mitchell 1999, p. 19). This essay provides evidence-based analysis of the Australian superannuation system and seeks to further suggestions that have been incorporated provide effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme.
The Australian superannuation system has led to the production of the fourth largest fund pools in the global management.
The funds have raised assets worth $ 1.6 tn under management. Besides the industry has grown larger than the ASX capitalization and combined all Australian banks deposits. It is estimated that the total savings of the Australian superannuation exceeds the gross domestic product of the country (Australia 2010, p. 12). The size of the superannuation funds has augured adequately for the system retirement future of Australia. However, the large pool of funds has attracted interest from various opinionate regarding the effect on the community members and the nation’s economy.
The large pool of funds in the Australian superannuation system has enabled supper assets allocation that has potentially derived, developed and reshaped the economy through contributing to the corporate development bond market, supporting innovation, funding infrastructure, employment opportunities and creation of economic and equity growth among the members. The large pool of funds in the system and the diversification of investments mean that with the proportional increase in these funds, there will be increased global investment rather than local investment.
The key attributes of the Australian superannuation mentions fees charged to a member of the MySuper product. According to the Australian government, the fees charged are limited, and most of the members are restricted from recovering the service providing costs. The main fee that applies incorporates the investment fee, administration fee and other fees such as exit and investment switching fee. Furthermore, the system offers an investment option for using the current balanced fund offering. The level of disclosure to trustee funds and performance in investment in relation to fees are higher than the initial fee requirements. The funds can be used for lifecycle investment that in turn improves the lives of the members and the overall economy of Australia.
The investment management and asset allocation style provide by the superannuation policy can provide higher net returns. However, the increase benefits results from cost to the superannuation system of Australia that is below the overseas jurisdictions (Australia & Cooper 2010, p. 86). The research commissioned on the Australian superannuation system to examine the Financial System Inquiry (FSI) preliminary report in comparison between the super system in Australia and Chile. According to investigative research findings, the fees of My Super favorably compare with those of the private pension fund administrator system in Chile. The superannuation policy provides options of allowing the MySuper asset products to compete for default superannuation. This provides room for the superannuation funds, management investments and life insurers’ schemes to rationalize the legacy products. Scholars predict the asset feature of the superannuation system to grow in the future. According to the report, the asset-based fees will provide economic growth as the size increases (Mitchell 1999, p. 251). The pool of assets will require constant vigilance to maintain the appropriate total dollar fees, rather than just shifting focus on the percentages and not trending downwards.
The experience of the members of the Australian superannuation system may vary under the strategy of the lifestyle. Investments in the system provide balanced growth of funds in the accumulation phase. The incomes from the retirement are also a key are of the system an, however, some critiques objects that the retirement incomes are underdeveloped and may not manage the risks associated with retirees. This provides a complex discussion of taxation and payment transfer and retirement incomes. Furthermore, the superannuation system of Australia provides equity supper for the members that lead to investment diversification, moderate income, low cost and growth of capital. The system highlights are investing with significant managers of investment and multi-asset classes that in turn provide long-term financial returns that are in harmony with the retirement saving for the members. Furthermore, the Australian superannuation system provides total and permanent disablement insurance and death insurance benefits with reliable and recognizable insurers in Australia (Jefferson & Preston 2005, p. 127). Also, the system has MyEquity Super Dashboard that assist the members understand the performances, fees and risks associated.
Demographically, MySuper provides that the superannuation system of Australia builds in a product that acknowledges the direct superannuation making-making engagement for all members. The Australian superannuation system is not dependent on disengagement; bur rather works for who participate actively in the product. According to the recent investigation of the account balances, it shows that the superannuation funds are less than $ 25, 0003. According to the figures, the core demographic member of the superannuation system of Australia is able to cater efficiently. As the account balances grow, the superannuation system of Australia will ensure the money value, effective and simple for the members. Offering superannuation product to the members provides a strategic feature of choice in the Australian system (Australia, & Cooper 2010, 127). Therefore, this provides the members the power to tailor their strategies for superannuation for their financial safeguards and needs. Ideally, this will provide lower costs and make the funds benefit the Australian economy.
Suggestions to Australian Superannuation System
Investment Governance
The investment asset funds are one of the significant roles played by the superannuation funds. The function of governing investments is instrumental in ensuring that the procedures incorporated in the process of investments are risk managed and efficient at all levels. The panel recognizes that the modern superannuation investment is a complex activity that needs multiple technical skills and expertise. Therefore, the superannuation funds incorporate the asset consultants, fund managers and custodians to provide assistance. Therefore, pressure is mounted on the trustee to provide an appointment process and monitoring process of the agents, thus promoting the members’ interests. The areas identified by the panel that requires significant input for economic and equity achievement is the system of regulation (Jefferson & Preston 2005, p. 199). The members accumulate them retirement benefits and savings leading to better investment decisions.
Transparency Outcomes
According to Australia (2010, p. 17) comparability and transparency are another critical feature of the superannuation system that enables operation and efficiency of the savings based on markets. The panel believed that the superannuation of Australia would provide market transparency and comparability leading to accountability and reliability superannuation system of Australian that can be improved effectively through appropriate regulations. To make quick progress towards comparability accuracy, the system should develop a new power to make reporting of the system outcome standardized. The great benefit of the funds of system transparency should also be introduced in the Australian superannuation system. This should include academics, regulators, advisors and analysts. The quality of the information availed is little to experts requiring the use of the information for equity and benefit of members and the nation at large. Besides, there is a need to introduce cost effective and dramatic change in the Australian superannuation. Finally, the members needs to access minimum information when considering the investments options of superannuation
Insurance in Superannuation
Incorporating insurance in the superannuation system of Australia can be an excellent step to benefit the members and enlarge investment options. When the members cannot work a result of permanent disablement or death, insurance plays an integral function in ensuring they are adequately compensated. The Australian superannuation should integrate insurance that is a complex product for members of the system. The trustees should consider the strategy of insurance and provide elaborate regulations on its implementation (Australia, & Cooper 2010, 132). Therefore, insurance information must be availed, and the trustees provide clear guidelines for the members to compare the options of insurance, recognizing the associates’ financial concerns.
Such instances may meet the members’’ needs so that sufficient benefit is provided in event there is need to access the retirement benefits earlier than expected in Australian superannuation, the insurance should be automatically provided to the members so that they continue to benefit from the coverage without incorporating remuneration of advisors who get commissioned.
Conclusion
While many panel bodies have suggested reforms for the Australian superannuation, the main idea is to better understand and protect the net egg of the Australian workers. The biggest aim of establishing MySuper system was to maintain market competition and lower the overall costs. The super is considered a better money value by increasing comparability and transparency in the system. However, there exist some critiques and misconceptions over the system. The Australian superannuation system provides a higher level of engagement without compromising the human nature. It is obvious that the Australian superannuation system has been reviewed to benefit the members and reinforce economic growth. Besides, the funds require the trustees to make elaborate decisions that benefit the overall equity and economy of the members and the nation.
Notably, recent research on the features of the Australian superannuation provides more informed basis of refining the future of the system and discloses the risks associated with superannuation funds. Thus, it is comparative for the Australian government and all stakeholders including the wiser community, accounting standard researchers and industry regulators to be incorporated in the redefining the strategies and features of the Australian superannuation system.
References
Australia, & Cooper, J. (2010). Review into the Governance, Efficiency, Structure and Operation of Australia’s Superannuation System final report. Canberra, The Review.
Australia. (2010). Super system review final report. [Canberra, A.C.T.?], Commonwealth of Australia.
Cooper, J. (2010). Super for Members: A New Paradigm for Australia’s Retirement Income System. Rotman International Journal of Pension Management. 3, 8-15.
Jefferson, T., & Preston, A. (2005). Australia’s & ldquo; Other Close Curly Double Quote Gender Wage Gap: Baby Boomers and Compulsory Superannuation Accounts. Feminist Economics. 11, 79-101.
Mitchell, D. (1999). Australia’s superannuation system: model for US Social Security reform. Thesis (Ph. D.)–George Mason University, 199
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Critical thinking and analysis are essential elements of a well-written essay. Essays are critical for assessing students’ knowledge, understanding, and critical thinking skills. They allow students to demonstrate their ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate information. Students must learn to engage in critical thinking and analysis to produce a well-written essay. Critical thinking involves questioning assumptions, analyzing evidence, and considering multiple perspectives to arrive at a well-reasoned conclusion. Conversely, analysis involves breaking down complex information and data into smaller parts to better understand existing relationships and patterns. This article will explore the importance of critical thinking and analysis in essay writing and provide tips and strategies to help students develop these skills.
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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay: Full Guide
Critical thinking is actively and intentionally analyzing, evaluating and synthesizing information to make sound decisions or judgments. It involves questioning assumptions, analyzing evidence, and considering multiple perspectives to arrive at a well-reasoned conclusion. Critical thinking helps us to distinguish between fact and opinion, identify biases, and evaluate arguments and evidence.
On the other hand, analysis is breaking down complex information or data into smaller parts to understand existing relationships and patterns better. It involves examining the parts of something to understand how they work together to create the whole. Analysis helps us understand the underlying causes and effects of a particular phenomenon, identify patterns and trends, and predict future outcomes.
Critical thinking and analysis are essential skills in essay writing that enable students to develop well-reasoned arguments and make informed judgments. Essays require students to analyze information, interpret data, and evaluate evidence to support their arguments. Students must think critically throughout the essay writing process to do this effectively.
Furthermore, critical thinking and analysis are not limited to the essay writing process but are essential skills that can be applied in all areas of life. A Critical thinker can use critical thinking skills for making decisions, problem solving, analytical reasoning and evaluating information in personal and professional contexts.
The Role of Critical Thinking and Analytical Thinking in Essay Writing
The relationship between critical thinking and essay writing is symbiotic. Critical thinking is an essential component of essay writing, and essay writing provides an opportunity for students to practice and develop critical thinking skills.
Critical thinking enables students to analyze information and arguments critically, evaluate evidence, and make informed judgments. In essay writing, critical thinking helps students to develop strong arguments and critically evaluate evidence to support their claims. When writing an essay, students must engage in critical thinking to understand the topic clearly, identify relevant information, and evaluate its credibility and reliability.
Incorporating critical thinking in essay writing has several benefits. First, it enables students to develop a deep understanding of the topic they are writing about. By analyzing and evaluating different sources of information, students can gain a broader perspective on the topic and develop a more informed opinion. Second, it helps students to develop well-reasoned arguments. Critical thinking enables students to identify gaps in the evidence and evaluate the credibility of the sources they use to support their claims. This, in turn, helps students to develop stronger and more persuasive arguments.
Finally, critical thinking in essay writing also helps students to develop important life skills. In today’s world, where information is abundant and often contradictory, the ability to critically analyse information and make informed judgments is a crucial skill. By developing critical thinking skills through essay writing, students are better equipped to make informed decisions, solve problems, and evaluate information in their personal and professional lives.
The Process of Analysis in Essay Writing
The analysis is an important process in essay writing involving breaking down complex information or data into smaller parts to understand the existing relationships and patterns better. The process of analysis in essay writing involves the following steps: Once the information is deconstructed, the next step is to interpret the significance of these components and how they connect to the overall argument. This understanding is crucial, especially when considering how to write an evaluation essay, as it allows the writer to form a nuanced judgment based on the evidence presented. Finally, synthesizing these insights will help reinforce the main thesis and ensure a coherent flow throughout the essay.
Understanding the topic: The first step in the analysis process is to understand the topic or subject matter of the essay. This involves identifying the key terms and concepts central to the topic.
Gathering information: The second step is to gather information about the topic. This may involve reading relevant literature, conducting research, or gathering data.
Organizing information: Once the information has been gathered, it must be organized logically and coherently. This may involve creating an outline or a mind map to help structure the information.
Analyzing the information: The next step is to analyze the information that has been gathered. This involves examining the parts of something to understand how they work together to create the whole. Analysis helps to identify patterns, trends, and relationships in the information.
Concluding: The final step in the analysis process is to draw conclusions based on the information that has been analyzed. This involves synthesizing the information to develop a well-reasoned and informed argument.
Incorporating the process of analysis in essay writing has several benefits. First, it helps to develop a deeper understanding of the topic. By breaking down complex information into smaller parts, students can better understand the relationships and patterns in the information. Second, it helps to identify gaps in the information and evaluate the credibility of the sources used. Finally, it enables students to develop stronger and more persuasive arguments using information to support their claims.
How to Incorporate Analytical Thinking and Critical Thinking in Essay Writing
Incorporating critical thinking and analysis in essay writing involves several key steps. These steps include:
Developing a clear understanding of the topic: The first step in incorporating critical thinking and analysis in essay writing is to develop a clear understanding of the topic. This involves identifying the key terms and concepts central to the topic.
Gathering information: The second step is to gather information about the topic. This may involve reading relevant literature, conducting research, or gathering data.
Analyzing the information: Once the information has been gathered, it must be analyzed. This involves breaking down complex information into smaller parts to understand the relationships and patterns better.
Evaluating the credibility and reliability of the sources: It is important to evaluate the sources used to gather the information. This involves considering factors such as the author’s credentials, the publication date, and the source’s reputation.
Developing well-reasoned arguments: The next step is to develop well-reasoned arguments supported by the information that has been analyzed. This involves identifying gaps in the evidence and using the information to develop strong and persuasive arguments.
Critically evaluating the arguments: Once they have been developed, it is important to evaluate them critically. This involves considering counterarguments and evaluating the strength of the evidence used to support the arguments.
Incorporating critical thinking and analysis in essay writing has several benefits. First, it helps to develop a deeper understanding of the topic. By analyzing and evaluating different sources of information, students can gain a broader perspective on the topic and develop a more informed opinion. Second, it helps to develop well-reasoned arguments supported by the evidence. Finally, it helps to develop important life skills, such as critically analysing information and making informed judgments.
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Essay Writing
While incorporating critical thinking and analysis is important for writing a well-written essay, it is also important to avoid common mistakes that can undermine its effectiveness. Here are some common mistakes to avoid in essay writing:
Lack of clarity: One of the most common mistakes in essay writing is a lack of clarity. This may involve using convoluted sentences, ambiguous language, or failing to explain complex concepts clearly. Ensuring the essay is clear, concise, and easy to understand is essential.
Failure to address the prompt: Another common mistake is failing to address the prompt or question that has been asked. It is important to carefully read the prompt and ensure that the essay addresses all aspects of the prompt.
Lack of organization: A well-organized essay is essential for effectively communicating ideas and arguments. A lack of organization can make it difficult for the reader to follow the argument and understand the key points. It is important to use clear headings, subheadings, and transitions to help organize the essay.
Overreliance on sources: While it is important to use sources to support arguments and ideas, it is also important to avoid overreliance. This can result in an essay that lacks originality and fails to demonstrate critical thinking and analysis.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a serious offence that can have serious consequences. It is important to ensure that all sources are properly cited and that the essay is written in your own words.
Lack of revision: A common mistake is failing to revise the essay. It is important to carefully review the essay for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors and ensure that the essay effectively communicates the intended message.
Tips for Developing Strong Analytical and Critical Thinking Skills
Developing strong critical thinking and analysis skills is important for effective essay writing and for success in many other areas of life. Here are some tips for developing these skills:
Practice active reading: Active reading involves actively engaging with the material by asking questions, making connections, and identifying key concepts and arguments. This can help to develop strong analytical skills and improve comprehension.
Develop a questioning mindset: Critical thinking involves asking questions and challenging assumptions. Developing a questioning mindset and critically evaluating information and ideas is important.
Practice problem-solving: involves breaking down complex problems into smaller parts and developing effective solutions. This can help to develop strong analytical skills and improve critical thinking.
Seek out diverse perspectives: Exposure to diverse perspectives can help to broaden one’s thinking and improve critical thinking and analysis skills. It is important to seek out diverse viewpoints and to consider alternative perspectives.
Practice active listening: Active listening involves actively engaging with the speaker by asking questions and seeking clarification. This can help to develop strong analytical skills and improve critical thinking.
Engage in reflection: Reflection involves critically evaluating one’s own experiences, beliefs, and assumptions. This can help to develop strong analytical skills and improve critical thinking.
Engage in debates and discussions: Engaging in debates and discussions can help develop strong analytical skills and improve critical thinking by considering multiple perspectives and arguments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, critical thinking and analysis are essential elements of a well-written essay. By understanding the concepts of critical thinking and analysis, students can effectively incorporate these elements into their writing to create clear and effective arguments. By avoiding common mistakes in essay writing and developing strong critical thinking and analysis skills through active reading, problem-solving, seeking out diverse perspectives, engaging in reflection, and engaging in debates and discussions, students can improve their essay writing and achieve academic success. By utilizing these tips and strategies, students can enhance their critical thinking and analysis skills in writing and other aspects of their academic and personal lives.
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FAQ
How do you write a critical thinking analysis essay?
Writing a critical thinking analysis essay requires a deep understanding of the topic or subject matter and the ability to analyze and evaluate the ideas and arguments presented. To write an effective critical thinking analysis essay, one should begin by conducting thorough research on the topic, reading relevant materials, and taking notes. Then, the essay should be organized with a clear introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. It is important to analyze and evaluate the ideas and arguments presented throughout the essay, providing evidence to support your analysis. The essay should also demonstrate critical thinking skills, including questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and drawing logical conclusions.
What is analytical and critical thinking in writing?
Analytical and critical thinking in writing involves analysing, evaluating, and interpreting ideas and arguments presented in written material. Analytical thinking involves breaking down complex ideas or arguments into smaller parts, examining each part, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. Critical thinking involves questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and evaluating evidence to form logical conclusions. Both analytical and critical thinking skills are important for effective writing, as they enable the writer to communicate ideas clearly and persuasively.
What is critical thinking in an essay?
Critical thinking in an essay involves analysing and evaluating the ideas and arguments presented and forming logical conclusions based on evidence. Critical thinking requires questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and evaluating evidence to determine the arguments’ validity. In an essay, critical thinking can be demonstrated by providing evidence to support analysis and evaluation, considering the strengths and weaknesses of arguments presented, and drawing logical conclusions based on the evidence presented.
What are the main components of a critical analysis essay?
The main components of a critical analysis essay include a clear introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction should provide an overview of the topic or subject matter and the purpose of the essay. The thesis statement should clearly state the writer’s position or argument and provide a roadmap for the essay. Body paragraphs should present evidence to support the analysis and evaluation of ideas and arguments presented and should demonstrate critical thinking skills. The conclusion should summarize the essay’s main points and restate the thesis statement clearly and concisely.
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
Musculoskeletal diseases are the most common problems and prevalent conditions affecting the elderly worldwide and can cause significant disability if not taken seriously. Musculoskeletal tissues show increased bone fragility, loss of cartilage resilience, reduced ligament elasticity, loss of muscular strength, and fat redistribution decreasing the ability of the tissues to carry out their normal functions. Loss of mobility and physical independence from arthropathies and fractures can be devastating. This affects them physically and psychologically thus increasing mortality rates.
The diseases may include the following;
Osteoarthritis is disease that affects the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, joint capsule, synovial membrane, and periarticular muscles. Pathological changes can include fibrillation of cartilage, disruption of collagen fibers, and changes in proteoglycan staining. It is a common joint disease in people 65 years of age and above, with a prevalence of about 90% in women and 80% in men. Etiology factors may include female gender, genetics, metabolism, and excessive mechanical stress. It frequently leads to decreased function and loss of independence. The joints of the hand, knee and hip are the most commonly affected.
Signs and Symptoms
Shoulder osteoarthritis and rotator cuff are associated with shoulder pain and disability related to decreased shoulder movement.
Tears of large rotator cuff.
Inflammatory in joints with low back pain.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination. Plain radiographs can help confirm both the diagnosis and grade the severity of the condition. The cardinal radiographic features of osteoarthritis non-uniform narrowing of the joint space in the areas subjected to the most pressure, subchondral cysts, subchondral sclerosis, and osteophytes.
Also surgical treatment is done on lumbar and cervical spine in order to improve on pain. Ultrasound is also done to assess the rotator cuff tendons.
Infection
This is an area where the elderly patients are more prone since there is an increased incidence of predisposing disorders such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and poor dentition. Others include immunosuppressant and surgical procedures used like dental extractions and open heart surgery. The infectious agents in elderly people not different those affecting the young persons, although the elderly are prone to them than others. In people over 80 years of age, the knee, spine, shoulder, and hip are the most frequently affected. A close attention should paid on the diagnosis of tuberculosis and malignancy as TB may affect the spine which may be a consequences of any joint resulting to deformity. It should be noted that elderly men may present with bone lesions, as a manifestation of reactivation of the disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Imaging signs of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and other infections may lack, a diagnosis by biopsy and culture, chest radiographs and skin tests may be recommended. Magnetic resonance imaging may be suitable for soft tissues musculoskeletal infections. Ultrasound can be used to collect fluids in the joints or soft tissue, the evaluation of orthopedic structures and assessment of small peripheral joints. A mobile ultrasound device can be moved close to elderly beds. Computed tomography, radiography and nuclear medicine studies are considered to be ancillary and can be used to diagnose the infections.
Paget’s disease
This is the excessive breakdown and formation of bone leading to disorganized bone remodeling. This results to weakening, pain, fractures, and arthritis in the joints near the affected bones. Persons over 50 years of age, varying according to geographic areas are affected. In a minority of cases, sarcomatous degeneration may develop, mainly in the humerus, pelvis and proximal femur.
Signs and Symptoms
There is an advancing wedge of bone resorption, an accentuation and coarsening of the bone trabeculae along lines of stress, cortical thickening, and enlargement of the bone. Secondary osteoarthritis, fractures, bowing of the bones, and spinal cord or nerve root compression can be observed. But many patients do not know they have the disease, because there are rarely symptoms to be observed. And if they may occur they are confused with those of arthritis or other disorders.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis can be done through an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood in combination with normal calcium, phosphate and aminotranferase levels. Also bone scans are useful in determining the extent and activity of the condition. If a bone scan suggests Paget’s disease, the affected bones are X-rayed to confirm the diagnosis. Markers of bone turnover in urine like pyridinoline are used in diagnosis.
Drug therapy can relieve bone pain and prevent the progression of the disease. Medical therapy prior to surgery helps to decrease bleeding and other complications. Patients who are having surgery should discuss treatment with their physician. Exercise is very important in maintaining skeletal health, avoiding weight gain, maintaining joint mobility, avoided stress on affected bones and discusses any exercise program with their physicians before beginning.
Fractures
They are often in the elderly persons due to effects of falls and osteoporosis. Low-impact falls from a standing height are the most common cause of injury in elderly. Can be due to impaired mobility, loss of muscular strength, poor visual acuity or even medication. Osteoporosis leads to bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Prevalence of osteoporosis in women is more as opposed to males. Also mineral bone density is higher in black women and lowers in Asian women, while in white women evidence shows an intermediate value.
Vertebral compression fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures, with a greater incidence in women over 60 years of age. The fractures are associated with higher mortality and significant morbidity. Other important sites of fractures are the hip and the pelvis, which are associated with increased mortality and specific diagnostic problems in the elderly people.
Signs and Symptoms
Sudden, severe back pain.
Worsening of pain when standing or walking.
Difficulty and pain when bending or twisting
Loss of height
Deformity of the spine — the curved, “hunchback” shape also known as dowager’s hump
Diagnosis and Treatment
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to diagnose osteoporosis, predict the risk of fracture, determine therapeutic intervention, and monitor response to treatment. A value less than 2.5 times the standard deviation below the young adult mean, is considered to indicate osteoporosis. The main radiographic features of osteoporosis are increased radiolucency and cortical thinning, mainly in the spine, giving rise to a well demarcated outline of the vertebral body. An increased biconcavity of the vertebral end plates can be observed with a protrusion of the intervertebral disk into the vertebral body.Diagnosis of the hip and the pelvis fractures are conventional radiography, particularly fractures of the proximal femur.
Treatment can be through immobilization (aligning the bone, through reduction in good position and verifying the improved alignment with an X-ray), pain management, surgery and a times bone grafting.
Microcrystal disorders
It characterized by gout and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPDD) arthropathy. Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in the elderly and is characterized by a disturbance of purine metabolism, with deposits in the joints, cartilage, and kidneys. The radiographic features include eccentric nodular soft tissue masses, close erosions and preservation of the joint space. Ultrasound may be particularly help to demonstrate more tophi and erosions than plain films. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPDD) on other hand is disease is characterized by articular and periarticular tissue deposits also in the spine. Unlike gout, in which the increase in serum leads to supersaturation and deposits in the joints,the calcium deposits in CPDD, usually appear in the cartilage in the absence of any serum abnormality.
Osteoporosis
It is a degenerative arthritis or porous bone which is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to frail bones and an increased risk of fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist. When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured. Elderly people are most affect by this disease but it can be prevented and treated if early noticed. Osteoporosis is responsible for million bone fractures, including hip fractures, vertebral fractures, wrist fractures, and more other fractures of the body. Once the ovaries stop producing the estrogen hormone, women are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
Signs and Symptoms
Osteoporosis itself has no symptoms its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures. Osteoporotic fractures occur in situations where healthy people would not normally break a bone; they are therefore regarded as fragility fractures. Typical fragility fractures occur in the vertebral column, rib, hip and wrist.
Diagnosis and Management
The diagnosis can be done using conventional radiography and by measuring the bone mineral density. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is done. Depending on the likelihood of an underlying problem, investigations for cancer with metastasis to the bone should be done.
Lifestyle prevention can be through tobacco smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol intake. Elderly should have a better diet. Medication through bisphosphonates is useful in decreasing the risk of future fractures in those who have already sustained a fracture due to osteoporosis.
Effects of Exercise on Musculoskeletal Diseases
Elderly with joints problems should do it in moderation, especially within one’s cardiac tolerance. Excessive exercise may induce injury to musculoskeletal structures. Rest periods may also be helpful to relax the structures involved, as well as to regain energy lost with exercise. Exercises which could have kept the cartilage from becoming thin and damaged are hindered. This makes them vulnerable to injury or degenerative joint disease.
Activities that strengthen tendons are affected. The stretching and recoiling of tendons which help in transmission of force produced by muscles to the bones stops. Exercise amplifies their strength, preventing them from becoming physically injured.
Without exercise, the ligaments can loosen up. Exercise can help them maintain their power and durability. Due to old age, inactive nature of these people weakens the bones making them susceptible to all sorts of physical injuries.
General Diagnosis and Treatment of musculoskeletal diseases
The diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases requires knowledge of the diseases which affect this age group, well knowing the signs and symptoms, and a working knowledge of laboratory and radiographic abnormalities.
Treatment is based on the principles of pain relief and maintenance of function. Physical therapy, patient education, psychological support and the use of medications is also recommended. Anti-inflammatory drugs are the most used as they are effective in relieving pain and improving function in most patients. However there is increased risk for anti-inflammatory drugs induced toxicity, and therefore an individual should choose carefully. On that note potential precaution on toxicity must be weighed against realistic benefits before and during actual therapy.
References
Fonda, D., & National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). (1994). Musculoskeletal disorders in the older person: Report of the Health Care Committee Expert Panel for Health Care of the Elderly. Canberra: A.G.P.S.
Perry, H. M., Morley, J. E., & Coe, R. M. (1993). Aging and musculoskeletal disorders: Concepts, diagnosis, and treatment. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Reichel, W. (1995). Care of the elderly: Clinical aspects of aging. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Reichel, W., & Arenson, C. (2009). Reichel’s care of the elderly: Clinical aspects of aging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rothstein, D. E. (1992). The interrelationships among physical activity status, musculoskeletal variables, and gait in the elderly.
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
The article addresses whether the prime minister is powerful and limitation of his powers. According to Hugh Mellon, his opinion tends to support the proposition unlike Paul Baker which opposes the statement by discussing the power limits of the prime minister. From the points forwarded by Hugh Mellon such as making of influential appointments, centre of media coverage, and represent the country in the world stage among others, the prime minister is powerful in Canada.
According Barker and Mark (443), Hugh Mellon elaborates that the prime minister is very powerful and is one of the leaders in the national government determines that set the public agenda priorities. He is capable of appointing important positions in addition to representing the Canada country in the world arena. To showcase his influence is the sheer prominence they posses. However, what brings debate is whether his dominance threatens the functions of democracy in Canada and makes the parliamentary government a farce but a prime ministerial government (Barker and Mark, 450).
By examining the constitution, Barker and Mark (431) elaborates that the office of the prime minister sprung up possessing influential and wide ranging political tools. The arrangements in parliament fused power while the political parties made easier control. Therefore, the prime minister can over see both legislative deliberations and executive authority.
Similarly, close examination of the government of the prime mister, he seems to have the ability of passing bills into laws with minimal difficulties. He also has decisions of deciding on who joins cabinet or hold important positions in the public service and judiciary. He is also in the centre of the media of the Canadian politics coverage. To further emphasize his influence is the fact that citizens instantly turn to the prime minister in trouble times such as the 2008 recession (Barker and Mark, 447).
Synopsis of Paul Baker
Paul Baker discusses the power limits of the prime minister. He states that with all influence and attention the prime minister posses he has excess powers which might be dangerous. This is because of the inadequate limitations on their powers by the political systems and this might jeopardize democratic experience of Canada (Barker and Mark, 464).
There exist different avenues when examining the excesses of the prime minister. Most of the checks show elements of wanting and their collective or individual weakness as sources of restraint. The available sources of restraints as provided by Barker and Mark (456) include:
The leading members of the political party of the prime minister and the cabinet
The constitutional requirements and the public opinions of periodic elections
The institutionalized opposition and parliament with other associated features like the question period
The media
Canadian federalism
However, Paul Baker which opposes the thesis argues that the prime minister’s powers are exaggerated. Barker and Mark (457) pointed out that 22 individuals only has held the position for a period of 144 years and were held by skilled politicians. He queries on the consequences and possibilities when much power is left for a good number of years to few individuals. There is no accountability and do not represent the popular mandate of beneficiaries of the political elite systems characterized by declining participation of the public and disciplined parties.
Analysis
Prime minister is very powerful and Hugh tends to be convincing than Baker. The position of representing the country in world affairs makes him an entity. Furthermore, his influence in making appointments in the civil service and judiciary emphasize his power I all sectors of the government. Among the people, he is the common figure because of the media coverage and because citizens turn to him in times of problems.
The power limits of the prime mister are minimal and that makes him very influential. His powers are enshrined in the constitution of Canada which amassed the position with many powers. The stated institution and mechanisms to check his powers are under his supervision and some are his supporters thus making him powerful.
Conclusion
The discussion analyzed the powers of Prime minister in the Canadian government, and the limits of the prime minister. It began by a synopsis of Hugh and Baker’s propositions before doing an analysis. The analysis supports that the prime minister is powerful because he is representative of the country, central and populist figure among the public and leading the country and government. In fact, the prime minister of Canada is more powerful within the system compared to any democratically elected leader in other industrial countries.
Work cited
Barker, Paul, and Mark Charlton. Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2012. Print.
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
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