Literature search strategy
The literature search strategy applied in the search strategy involves the following sources:
Electronic databases-These are web based electronic searchable data bases used by entering the search strategy and the data bases provides the available list of articles that meets the criteria of search
Conference abstracts-These are summary of the papers presented in conferences. The conference abstracts according to Kennedy (2009) can be searched and data extracted before they are published. The abstracts alone can provide enough data to be included in the data analysis, if the main publication is being anticipated. Inclusion of the conference abstracts potentially reduces the publication bias effect.
Hand searching-The instruction and the discussion parts of the relevant studies often provide the additional references on a subject that was missed by the search strategy. I manually searched the lists of references of studies found as final check to ensure that no studies were missed. Moreover, manual search of journals where studies relevant to the subject analyzed are likely to be published was done
Internet-Application of the internet in the search strategy also proved beneficial and also helpful since useful sources were available online. These included the links to websites of independent reports, government agencies data clearance houses, data from specific academic websites, some theses of universities. Searching the internet using methods that are user-friendly to obtain relevant information was helpful.
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Diabetes type 2 in children
Some years back, diabetes type 2 diseases was considered a disease for the adults and it was rare for children to have it. Rosenbloom & Silverstein (2003) stated that it was though that a child with diabetes was suffering from type 1 diabetes, also referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes. However, this is not the case nowadays as children can also suffer from diabetes type 2 mellitus. In diabetes type 2, the body cells of a child are resistant to the insulin effects and then the glucose levels will gradually build up in the bloodstream of the children. This accumulation eventually causes the glucose levels to rise and reach levels that are dangerous in the body. With time, child’s body become less able to tolerate and handle all the sugar in the vessels of blood (Sperling 2005). The high blood glucose according to Silink, Kida, & Rosenbloom (2003) can then lead to complications of type 2 diabetes such as kidney failure, blindness and heart disease
3.2.1 Type 2 diabetes risk factors in children
The risk factors that are associated with type 2 diabetes increased risk in children according to Goldstein & Mueller-Wieland (2013) include; family history of type 2diabetes, being overweight, specific ethnic groups, female gender, and other insulin resistance problems
According to Hunt, Bernet & Hannon (2009), type 2 diabetes single greatest risk factor among children in is the excess weight. In United Kingdom, about one out of five children is overweight. When a child has excess weight, there is high probability of the child developing diabetes type 2. Rosenbloom, & Silverstein, (2003) pointed out some of the factors that may contribute to obesity or overweight, and they include; lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, other medical conditions or hormone problem, and a tendency inherited
Additionally, Sperling (2005) indicated that just like the adults, type 2 diabetes risk in children appears to be related with excess abdominal weight. The pattern of obesity increases the chances of resistance to insulin and type 2 diabetes risks.
3.2.2 Type 2 diabetes symptoms in children
The type 2 diabetes symptoms in children develop slowly. in the first instances, the symptoms will be absent and one or more of the following symptoms will be noticed as highlighted by Silink, Kida & Rosenbloom (2003); increased thirst or hunger even after consumption of food, unexplained weight loss, frequent urination, dry mouth, blurred vision, fatigue, slow healing of cuts and sores, heavy breathing, tingling or numbness in the feet or hand, itchy skin
3.2.3 Type 2 diabetes consequences in children
According to Hunt, Bernet & Hannon (2009), in children with type 2 diabetes, the symptoms at first may be minor. However, as much as the symptoms might be minor, serious problems of health may be developing. the following are some of the complications related to type 2 diabetes in children; kidney disease, blindness, nerve and blood circulation damage, heart disease and early death due to the complications.
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