Understanding blood types and compatibility is crucial in medical settings, particularly when it comes to transfusions. The classification of blood types, such as A, B, AB, and O, along with the presence or absence of the Rhesus (Rh) factor, determines the compatibility between donors and recipients. By identifying the correct blood type for a patient and ensuring a compatible match, healthcare professionals can prevent potentially life-threatening complications. This essay explores the significance of blood types, the clumping of cells in test tubes, the universal blood recipient and donor types, and the factors that influence the acceptance or rejection of blood transfusions. A thorough understanding of blood types and compatibility is essential for safe and successful medical interventions involving blood transfusions.
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What type of blood does the purple-haired female patient have? How do you know based on the clumping of cells in the test tubes?
The purple-haired female patient has blood type AB negative. Agglutination occurred in the test tubes containing antibodies A and B, showing the existence of antigens A and B. However, agglutination did not occur in the rhesus antibodies test tube proving a lack of presence of rhesus antigens.
List ALL blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the purple-haired female patient has.
The purple-haired female patient can be a recipient of blood types; AB negative, A negative, B negative, and O negative.
What type of blood does the green-haired male patient have? How do you know based on the clumping of cells in the test tubes?
The green-haired patient has blood type A positive. Agglutination occurred in the test tube containing antibodies A, proving the existence of antigens A, whereas agglutination does not occur in the test tube containing the antibodies B proving the non-existence of antigens B. Moreover, agglutination occurs in the test tube with the rhesus antibodies proving the presence of rhesus.
List ALL blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the green-haired male patient has.
The green-haired male patient can be a recipient of blood types A positive and O positive.
What type of blood does the red-haired male patient have? How do you know based on the clumping of cells in the test tubes?
The red-haired male patient has blood type O positive. Agglutination does not occur in the test tubes containing both A and B antibodies, showing the nonexistence of both A and B antigens. However, the test tube containing the rhesus antibodies clumped, showing the presence of rhesus, thus making it rhesus positive.
List ALL blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the red-haired male patient has.
The red-haired male patient can be a recipient of blood type O positive.
Which blood type is the universal blood recipient?
AB positive blood type is the universal blood recipient.
Which blood type is the universal donor?
O positive blood type is the universal blood donor.
Can a person with type O blood receive any other blood type besides type O? Why?
Garratty states that a person with blood type O positive cannot receive blood from a different blood type besides O positive (41). Blood type O contains antibodies A and B, and neither antigens A and B. Therefore, blood type O becomes incompatible with other blood groups apart from blood group O itself, since it is the only blood group that will not cause any form of agglutination (Garratty 41).
Can a patient with Rh- blood receive Rh+ blood without rejecting it? Explain why.
According to Daniels, a patient with Rhesus negative blood cannot receive rhesus positive blood without rejecting it (26). Daniels explains that a patient with rhesus negative blood is deficient of the rhesus protein, and therefore receiving blood that is rhesus positive is similar to introducing a foreign body with rhesus antibodies into the blood, thus causing resistance (30).
Works Cited
Daniels, Geoff. Human Blood Groups. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. Internet resource.
Garratty, George. Red Cell Antigens and Antibodies. Arlington, Va: American Association of Blood Banks, 1986. Print.
Nobelprize.org. (2018). The Blood Typing Game – Tutorial 3: How do you perform safe blood transfusions?. [online] Available at: https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/3.html [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].
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