by Herman Bailey | May 16, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
Spiritual assessments provide physicians with a clear understanding of what gives the patients meaning to life as well as their source of strength hence a better understanding of how to approach their healing process (Stanworth, (2004). It also assists patients with terminal illnesses in dealing with their condition and decision-making regarding their treatment choices. The interview’s analysis focuses on the tool’s effectiveness, challenges, and spiritual’s beliefs’ impact on the patient’s health.
People Also Read
Development of Assessment
Shamy’s (2003) assertion that everyone identifies themself with a set of spiritual beliefs and people’s spiritual growth is guided as well as driven by one another, and Riedner, Fegg, Hauf, & Borasio’s (2006) claim that spiritual beliefs being proven to be related to human’s overall wellbeing as it affects individual’s view of life were my guiding principles in the formation of the tool. The description by Stanworth (2004) concerning physicians’ role in the patient’s healing process, which is being supportive, also contributed.
Background
Ann was recently diagnosed with acute cancer and was admitted to the hospital. The news about her health condition caught her by surprise, making her extremely devastated and stressed. She constantly felt sorry for herself to the extent of relenting treatment as she felt completely worthless generally to society and her loving and supportive family.
Description of Assessment Time
The evaluation of the patient’s spiritual requirements was successful. She seemed completely open and proud of her beliefs and was enthusiastic about sharing them with me. I would incorporate a few factors into future assessments but would depend on several factors, including age and type of illness. Apart from her surprising request regarding reading the Bible aloud to her, the interview’s complication was not interfered with. The fact that patients are different concerning their level of openness may present a challenge in the future since the tool applied in these assessments employed precise questions that may be inadequate for some patients, yet time is a factor. The patient’s beliefs gave her the courage to face cancer as she believed it was God’s desire and that God would see her through. I was initially nervous, but during the interview, I realized I had outstanding communication skills. I was touched by her faith in God and how her spiritual beliefs seemed to remind her of how her life was precious. This tool would help me understand elements that lift the patients’ spirits when feeling low or on the verge of giving up.
.Conclusion
In summary, assessing the spiritual beliefs of terminally healed patients aid in planning a suitable treatment plan. Spiritual beliefs have been proven to be the source of people’s strength in times of crisis, and their inclusion into the healing process elicits positive outcomes. The model developed was effective as it was open-ended and unbiased, thus providing the information needed to incorporate into the patient’s healing process. However, its effectiveness in the future hangs on the balance.
References
Frick, E., Riedner, C., Fegg, M. J., Hauf, S., & Borasio, G.D. (2006). A clinical interview is assessing cancer patients’ spiritual needs and preferences. European Journal of Cancer Care. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00646.x
Shamy, E. (2003). A guide to the spiritual dimension of care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia: More than body, brain, and breath. London: J. Kingsley Publishers.
Stanworth, R. (2004). Recognizing spiritual needs in people who are dying. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Spiritual Needs Assessment Tool
(WEEPS) is the tool I developed and applied during the interview.
W. What. What are the aspects that patients believe give meaning to life? What are the patient’s spiritual or religious beliefs?
E. Exhibit: What practices do patients use to display their spiritual beliefs?
E. Effects: In what manner do these beliefs influence patients’ well-being?
P. Partner: Are there people who are part of the patients’ spiritual world?
S. Support: How can I assist the patients in meeting all their vital spiritual requirements?
Transcript
Me: Ann (patient), I am here to talk to you regarding your spiritual beliefs as agreed earlier, if you do not mind. I will ask you a few questions, so relax, feel free and answer truthfully since no one is passing judgment. Should I commence?
Ann: Yes.
Me: You have been recently diagnosed with acute cancer. How do you feel?
Ann: Hurt and scared.
Me: In times like this, during the crisis, where do you draw your strength and motivation from?
Ann: I am a staunch Christian with a strong belief in God.
Me: How does your belief in Christianity affect your health?
Ann: I strongly believe in God’s endless love and care and hope that he will help me through hard times as he is the provider, and all things come from him.
Me: Is there a community or group of the faithful you belong to?
Ann: I am a member of St Mary’s Catholic Church. I am also part of a prayer group that meets a week thrice to build ourselves spiritually and pray.
Me: Are there any spiritual practices you engage in during a crisis that calms you and gives you a sense of satisfaction?
Ann: I like some time to pray, read the bible and listen to slow gospel music.
Me: How can I assist you in upholding your Christian values and practices during your stay in the hospital?
Ann: If you ensure my favorite gospel songs are played every morning and evening and read Bible verses to me- I will be grateful. You can also ask my Chaplin to come and give me spiritual advice.
Me: Thank you for your time. I hope you feel better.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | May 16, 2023 | Essays |
Question 1: Moral Claims on Clitoridectomy
Previously, scholars have seen cultural relativism as an essential antinode to ethnocentrism. That is a perspective that assesses and judges other people’s practices based on the standards and sensitiveness of one’s culture. Professors of history and philosophy of science have argued that clitoridectomy violates the rights of women whom it is performed. According to her, it is an operation that men use to control women and keep them unequal. However, Elliot Skinner, a professor of anthropology accuses feminists in the need of abolishing clitoridectomy of being ethnocentric. She observes that women themselves want to participate in the practice that works like a male initiation, transforming girls into adult women (Tobin & Jaggar, 2013). Under medical science, clitoridectomy is an offense. Welsch and Endicott, (2006) indicate that it should be described as a mere circumcision, and instead, it takes off a loose fold skin and removes a rudimentary organ of exquisite sensitiveness that is adequately supplied with blood and nerves. Therefore, medical scholars argue that clitoridectomy is scientifically unsound as a medical therapy. Likewise, it violates medical ethics.
People Also Read
Question 2: Telling the Truth Truth-telling and Withholding Information
Every patient appreciates a bright perspective, most so in grim circumstances. Observing honesty in communication between patients and doctors is an important way to foster trust and show respect for the patient. In most cases, patients invest their full trust in their doctors and may feel that their trust is misplaced in case they find out or perceive a lack of honesty and candor by the physician. Besides, O’Rourke (2000) finds that telling truthful information helps patients become informed subjects needed in healthcare decisions. As such, it is prudent to tell patients all relevant aspects of their illness with a reasonable range of ethical practices. However, in some situations, especially in cancer patients telling the truth may have a terrible impact on the occasional patient. Research outlines that many physicians often worry about the brutal effects of disclosing extreme information to patients. While the disclosure should follow an appropriate tact and sensitivity, little research supports the fear. In medical ethics, if the physician has a compelling reason to believe that the disclosure would result in a predictable and real harmful effect on the patient; it may be prudent to withhold truthful information (O’Rourke, 2000). Therefore, the doctor was within the ethical dimensions by refusing to disclose to John that he cannot deal with the news of his lung cancer and expected living days.
Question 3: Patient-Physician Relationship
The relationship between a physician and a patient is of significance in the overall healthcare delivery model. The relationship is unique that depends on trust and confidence between the parties for the provision of fare. Often, physicians enter into a relationship with patients to show commitment to providing quality health care. While the relationship depends on trust and confidence between the parties for care provision when the circumstances affect the ability of the physician to achieve quality healthcare, the physician has the ethical freedom to end the relationship. In some circumstances, it may be the patient that decides to end the physician-patient relationship. The healthcare policy entitles physicians to end the physician-patient relationship under specific circumstances. While good clinical judgment is required, the core principles of ethics of beneficence, patient autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice must be given specific considerations. In a nutshell, physicians are expected to establish a relationship of primary importance in the overall delivery of health and care (Shelp, 2009). However, in circumstances such as the breakdown of trust and unmanageable large patients then the physician can end the relationship.
Question 4: Vegetative State versus Minimally Conscious State (MCS)
An accident that leads to severe brain injury causes a change in consciousness. Perrin, Schnakers, Schabus, et al., (2006) defines consciousness as awareness of the self and environment. Brain injuries may lead to a wide range of disturbances of consciousness. The state of extreme unconsciousness characterized by no eye-opening is known as coma and the state of complete unconsciousness with periods of weakness and some eye-opening, and sleep is called a vegetative state. Individuals who experience a slow recovery of consciousness continue to have a reduced level of self-awareness and awareness of the world around them. As such, they have inconsistent and minimal ability to communicate and respond (Perrin et al., 2006). This condition is referred to as a minimally conscious state. Characteristically, the minimally conscious state (MCS) sometimes follows simple instructions. Besides, they may communicate yes or no by gesturing or talking and may speak understandable words or phrases. People in MCS share similar characters with the vegetative state, that is, they can both open eyes, and have wake cycles. However, MCS is inconsistent with object recognition, communication, command following, and contingent emotion while the vegetative state lacks such characteristics.
Question 5: Personhood
Consciousness is a continuous concept that encompasses subjectivity, self-awareness, and the ability to appreciate the relationship between the environment and the self. The moral significance of phenomenal consciousness has been assumed that genuine vs. patient lack subjectivity whereas patients in MSC possess at least intermittently. Golan and Marcus, (2012) argue that from a philosophical standpoint, the talk of minimal consciousness is misleading since MSC patients have limited form is rather motivational and cognitive capacities (Golan et al., 2012). Moral consciousness is grounded in the moral significance of interests that include desiderative, hedonic, and objective elements. It is the connectedness and continuity that an individual’s mental state that underwrites personhood as a significant sense of the word of morality. Consequently, general remarks of personhood underlie the abortion debate. Some observe it is murder, dangerous, and it is irresponsible for skeletal muscles. In a study conducted by (), the findings indicated that HRT improves the functions of muscles in women to abort. However, these claims fail to explain why numerous skeletal muscles. In a study conducted by (), the findings indicated that HRT improves the functions of muscles in women seek abortion even in countries where it is illegalized. The concept of personhood significantly confers the rights of society. Personhood in MSC and abortion are relatively similar in that in moral community people define a person and draw boundaries on who is accepted and who is the moral in the community (Golan et al., 2012).
Question 6: Debating Death
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, (ODDA) was adopted in 1994, and it allowed physicians to prescribe lethal drugs to ill patients considered terminally qualified. The act came under intense debate as numerous stakeholders argued that it permitted physicians to offer physician-assisted suicide or physician aid in dying. The rationale of the Act was to expand the control of patients over end-of-life decisions, yet it was subjected to enduring ethical and cultural scrutiny. ODDA aimed to end the ban of patient legality on refusals of virtually every form of treatment based on the ground that patient self-determination and choice (Hillyard & Dombrink, 2001). The 1994 and 1997 Oregon PAS campaigns lobbied the no and yes group who echoed their concerns. Proponents of the law provided that it has offered the world a model for how to give dying patients a real choice on how they could bid farewell to the world. Also, it is argued that the Oregon law forces people to examine the question of what is special about the life of a human. Therefore, according to Hillyard and colleagues, it is the autonomy and dignity inherent in people’s individuality in terms of making hard decisions for themselves and determining individual destinies. While the law grants civil and criminal immunity to physicians offering lethal prescriptions, most doctors report that they provide lethal prescriptions because of loss of autonomy, loss of dignity, and feeling of being a burden. Therefore, the practice creates a frightening “duty to die” and is against human dignity it purports to protect.
References
Golan, O. G., & Marcus, E. L. (January 01, 2012). Should we provide life-sustaining treatments to patients with permanent loss of cognitive capacities?. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 3, 3.)
Hillyard, D., & Dombrink, J. (2001). Dying right: The death with dignity movement. New York: Routledge.
O’Rourke, K. D. (2000). A primer for health care ethics: essays for a pluralistic society. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Perrin, F., Schnakers, C., Schabus, et al. (January 01, 2006). Brain response to one’s own name in vegetative state, minimally conscious state, and locked-in syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 63, 4, 562-9.
Shelp, E. E. (2009). The Clinical encounter: The moral fabric of the patient-physician relationship. Dordrecht: D. Reidel
Tobin, T. W., & Jaggar, A. M. (July 01, 2013). Naturalizing Moral Justification: Rethinking the Method of Moral Epistemology. Metaphilosophy, 44, 4, 409-439.
Welsch, R. L., & Endicott, K. M. (2006). Taking sides: Clashing views in cultural anthropology. Dubuque, Iowa: McGraw-Hill/Contemporary Learning Series.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | May 15, 2023 | Essays |
1) Habermas’s concept of the public sphere
It can be said that most of the tenets of insurance are based on Habermas’s concept of the public sphere. According to Herbamas, the public sphere allows all people despite their social status and who may consider themselves to be private individuals to interact and come together. He further states that for this to happen three components must come to place that is the status, the common concern and the inclusivity.
- Internet and status: the internet has allowed people to come together, stay in touch and build friendships and businesses despite the social status. Social media for example has a complete disregard for status, often ridiculing even those who are highly regarded in society and allowing communication between the high class society and the common people.
- Recent discussions and popularity of blogs, especially political and social blogs have increased the common concern. groups of individuals are able to come together despite distance and social status to share common interests and concerns
- The internet has breached the barriers of inclusivity, that is individuals who are considered private for example celebrities and political figures are now approachable through social media, blogs and other arenas of the internet.
People Also Read
2) Digital Manipulation
There are several ethical issues surrounding the issue of digital manipulation. In several instances, there have been claims that digital manipulation alters the reality and in doing so changes how we see our history and future. However, it is also important to note that in some cases digital manipulation is not only acceptable but also vital. For example, where the photographs are being used to draw a campaign or entice contributions towards a specific plea. In this case, the photos become the centre of psychological and emotional drawing. For this reason, they need to be manipulated to draw out the right emotions which in turn translate to the success of the campaign. The best example would be the breastfeeding campaign that has taken over globally. Despite knowing the benefits and importance of breastfeeding, it is only when digitalized photos of women breastfeeding were taken that the campaign took on a frenzied approach.
Furthermore, where digital manipulation is only used to enhance contrasts and bring out the sharpness of the photographs, it is acceptable. This is often done when the photographer wishes to draw attention to a particular image in the photograph rather than those in the background. It can therefore be said that where digital manipulation enhances creativity rather than change the reality of the photograph it is acceptable.
3) Graham’s View of Sexual Content in Films
Graham argues that the use of sexual content and violence in films is utterly harmful. He insists that exposure to such images and films corrupt individuals and film viewers. He is of the strict opinion that all forms of sexual content and violence should be not just minimized but completely done away with. The troubles of the society and community such as increased violence and sexualized young people can all be traced to exposure to the gratuitous use of sexual content and violence in film.
Grahams view is not ideal, but in an overly sexualized industry it holds some truths. Realistically, there can be no films and success without sexual content. However, producers often cross the line and bring too much sexual content destroying the story. Sexual content should be used to enhance the story line and this sho0uld be done in moderation.
References
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Harris, C. R. (September 01, 2009). Digitization and Manipulation of News Photographs. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 6, 3, 164-174.
Graham, G. (2001). Evil and Christian ethics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | May 15, 2023 | Essays |
Abstract
People were preserving food since ancient times based on traditional approaches since there was no technology to preserve food. Particularly, processes, such as smoking, drying, salting, pickling, and canning were used to preserve foods. However, the invention of artificial preservatives promoted the development of food additives with various health complications. Food additives refer to chemicals added to food in the process of manufacturing and general preparation to obtain a particular effect. The effects of food additives range from the addition of flavor, color, and other substances that make the food last for a longer time, as in the case of preservatives. spread of foodborne disease. Part 9. Washing and drying of hands to reduce microbial contamination. Journal of Food additives are getting more integrated into our lives yet the consumers know little about the consequences. Particularly, meeting the consumer needs. In the case of the café, the consumers often need to eat, fresh and tastefully prepared food additives act as stabilizing against, antioxidants flavoring agents, anti? microbial agents, preservatives bleaching agents, fortifying against. Through their robust availability within the European Union countries and beyond, with immense opportunities, the EU formulated procedures based on scientific reports and made a list of legal capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives for use by the companies. The regulatory intervention resulted from increased consumer complaints about the health consequences of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives. Food additives have been found to promote various health complications, including paranoia, hyperactivity, especially in children, and cancer among other diseases. Therefore, the regulation harmonizes capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives uses in the EU community.
People Also Read
-
-
- Exploring Controversial Food Debate Topics: Igniting Conversations And Challenging Norms
Introduction
Historically, food additives formed a significant component in food production because of its particular functions in food. capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy Food additives refer to chemicals added to food to their preparations to obtain an effect. The intended effect of flavor to the capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food, addition of coloration, or enable food has a sustained as in the case of preservatives. In most cases, capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives added are categorized into two types, indirect or direct food additives. Accordingly, direct capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives refer to those added to food intentionally such as artificial colors and flavoring agents. In such a case, a proximate quantity of the additive measured and added to the capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food product and provides public information about measuring the additive. However, indirect capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives often unintentionally added to food, yet become components of the final food product as could be found with the case of laminators, packaging materials, and plastic wraps paper packs. The application of food additives provides multiple technical functions in foods, including safety, quality, appeal, nutritive value, convenience, and economy foods. Therefore, a comprehensive legislative framework is in place within the European nations to regulate the practice of additives in the supply of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food and ensure they pose no risk to human health.
Food Additives Issues
The current trends in the nutrition and microbiology field raise multiple concerns brought about by chemicals added to food as additives. Indeed, the public is currently concerned about the safety issues resulting from chemicals in capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives. They could cause chronic conditions such as asthma, obesity, bloating, bad skin, unmanageable hair, purple rushes, and hyperactivity among other diseases. However, Heinonen (2007, p. 18) writes that additives put in around the world have been rising because of several reasons. This indicates that many children are consuming high fat and sugar content foods have multiple advantages based on research. Firstly, additives maintain or improve the safety of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food for preservatives potentially slow the spoilage resulting from bacteria, air, yeast, or fungi. Besides, they avert cut fruits, including apple from changing color when open to the external environment. Secondly, food additives improve or maintain the nutrient value of Increased blood sugar levels are other causes of taking numerous junk food. Consumption of junk or processed foods. Certainly, vitamins, fiber, and minerals supplemented most capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy foods to help provide those deficient in the diet of an individual and boost the nutritional quality of food. As capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy Food, England (2013, p. 3) explains, such fortification has promoted the fight against malnutrition globally. Finally, capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives are added to improve the texture, taste, and appearance of food. Natural, spice, and artificial flavors and sweeteners supplemented in capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food enrich taste and food colors improve appearance. Similarly, emulsifiers, thickeners, and stabilizers offer texture and uniformity of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food.….. Globally, natural disasters strike at any given time, and it may be difficult to obtain food following such occurrences. Natural calamities destroy sources of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food, such as crops animals, and other food supply lines disrupted. Therefore, the safety of any capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food is important in preserving food in such scenarios.… Food safety challenges, according to Saltmarsh (2013, p. 4-7), vary in nature, extent, and severity and depend on the circumstance during an emergency. For instance, during hurricanes and floods, contamination of food by surface water flowing from sewerage and wastewaters. Accordingly, flood picks contaminated wastes in large numbers alongside pathogenic bacteria from farms, latrines, sewer systems, and septic tanks. Meanwhile, a crowding of disaster survivors aggravates the situation, particularly in the area of sanitation. In recognition of this, there is a need to break down essential services such as capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food safety. Such happenings raised central concerns for ensuring capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food safety. However, providing safe capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food for any population requires effective regulatory control measures. In the wake of this, scientists established preservative measures to ensure capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food safety using food additives.
The use of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives, such as chemicals intentionally added to food is a historical practice when substances such as salt and baking powder used in the previous centuries (Reference!). However, the use of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives, despite its historical underpins and role in preserving food, various health concerns continue to arise in the nutritional and healthcare field because of food preservation using additives. In the European nations, capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives are under a strict law that governs the use of additives owing to the rising health concerns. According to Herschroerfer (1987, p. 291), the UK initially had a prohibited list of particular capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives, which proved unsatisfactory hence allowing the use of many additives without proper testing and inspection. As established, the banned list of additives followed the recommendations of the UK. A more satisfactory approach changed the regulation from a prohibited list to a permitted list implemented by the capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy Food Additives and Contaminants Committee (FACC). The committee used two basic requirements, that is, need and safety. The criteria used to summarize the safety issues followed various concepts. Firstly, the toxicological use and additives could not be used in case of reliable taxonomical evidence rendering the food unsafe. Subsequently, the additives must meet a significant need for use, founded on economic, social, or technical purposes. Likewise, the additives must not be used to disguise poor capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food standards or cover up the quality of production. According to Saltmarsh (2013, p. 10), the safety of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives, whether artificial or natural, requires rigorous testing and periodic reassessment. In the European Union (EU), the process of ensuring capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food safety was conducted by the committee of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS Panel). The regulations required that only additives that have undergone evaluation and approval indicated EU approval. There are specific issues with capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food that led to the prohibition of particular food additives in the EU. Firstly, reports indicate that additives cause allergic or intolerance reactions, especially hyperactivity in children (Saltmarsh 2013, p. 11). capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy Food additives and some food ingredients cause intolerance reactions in some people, a factor that promoted wild exaggeration. Despite most people declaring themselves allergic to certain foods, research shows that approximately 2% and 20% of adults and children respectively suffer from capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food intolerance. Today, capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food intolerance is in the spotlight following successful research on additives and allergic reactions.
According to Martyn, McNulty, and Nugent, P. (2013, p. 8), the emerging pathogens implication is one of the contemporary capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food safety issues with the microbial origin. World Health Organization (2014, p. 9) reports that 79% of conditions or disease outbreaks from 1987-1992 resulted from microbial contamination. Scientists and regulatory officials noted that the food industry and the medical community are increasingly anxious because of the microbes that have demonstrated resistance to preservation methods for storage and antibiotics. Today, most people view capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives as a major threat to food. The items of health risks associated with capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives. Studies suggest that exposing children to certain capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives leading to multiple health complications. Essentially, children in preschool are at the age of rapid development and growth. During this time, key body organs and tissues systems grow and mature. Therefore, there is an increased risk of exposing the growing body organs and tissues to chemicals contained in capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives (Clarke, & Eck 2005, p. 3). Exposing children to chemicals promotes the potential development of premature organ systems, higher metabolic rates, and rapid physical developments.
Furthermore, a survey conducted by Herschroerfer (1987, p. 293) reveals that 26% of the participants had concerns about capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives, especially in food poisoning. The poll that qualified the term food additives with an expression of preservatives and coloring indicated that women and consumers aged 50-60 worried about the additives. In the meantime, 13% of the young consumers aged 16-25 found worried about capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives. The biggest concerns that elicited spontaneous responses expressed their worries about fat, sugar, and salt contents. Food additives remain controversial issues due to its effects on children. For example, the dye Yellow No. 5, report shows that it worsens asthma symptoms. The wide literature of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives presents the common issue: the presence of chemicals that manufacturers add to foods for multiple reasons. Reports indicate that there is a strong link between paranoid personality disorder and the use of capital for individuals to venture into the grocery vending business using carts as advised by Michimi & Wimberl (2010). They would aid bring healthy food additives. Individuals suffering from paranoid personality disorder show characteristics of lasting pervasive distrust and suspiciousness patterns. Individuals with a paranoid personality disorder would nearly always trust that the opponent’s purposes are malicious. While the exact cause of the condition is yet to be established, researchers believe that it is likely due to genetic and biological factors relating to early interaction with the environment.
The Science
Scientific investigations establish that for some years multiple allergic reactions may cause individuals sensitivity following consumption of addictive foods. The commencement of observation of these effects has promoted some scientific publications on the matter. Most scientific investigations have provided lists of either toxic or nontoxic additives. According to Saltmarsh (2013, p. 9) acesulfame potassium that is an artificial sweetener used in making chewing gum, diet soda, table sweetener, and added backed goods should be avoided by everybody. The investigation in 1970 concluded that the chemical may cause cancer (reference). However, research on Alginate, Propylene Glycol Alginat,e and Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E) represents stabilizers and antioxidants used in beer, candy, cheese, and oils. These chemicals when used in small amounts keep food safe and increase other nutrients such as Vitamin E. Meanwhile, a synthetic and accepted additive used in candy, breakfast cereals, and other foods is not fully safe as it causes allergic reactions to some people. As indicated, a larger percentage of the chemicals used in copycat normal flavors present in the environment and maybe harmless (Savedge 2015, p. 2).
Ascorbic acid and Erythorbic acid represent antioxidants, color stabilizers used in cured meat, cereal, and fruit drinks. These chemicals help in maintaining the red dye of bacon, ham, and further preserved foods and inhibit cancer-promoting nitrosamines formation. Likewise, vitamin C is important in booting food containing vitamins, such as fruit drinks. However, Sodium ascorbate, which is a form of Erythorbic acid, is chemically similar to ascorbic acid. The worst of all is Aspartame (NutraSweet) which is an artificial sweetener used in frozen desserts, tabletop sweetener, and diet soda. Research conducted using animals in Italy evidence that long-term consumption increases risks of leukemia, breast cancer, and lymphoma (Mercola 2015, p.10). Some consumers report hallucinations, headaches, and dizziness following diet soda ingestion, only single controlled studies supported this symptom. Similarly, Butylated HydroxyAnisole (BHA), which is an antioxidant used in chewing gum, potato chips, and cereal packages should be avoided by everyone. Research shows that it retards the rancidity in oils, fats, and oil-containing foods. According to EU reports, understandably expected as a human carcinogen, as described in studies on animals. Some other common additives include caffeine, a favoring, and stimulant supplemented in activities that result in physical healthiness. For example, proper diet, ensuring that all meals are balanced, and taking a lot of water and drinks. While it occurs naturally in tea, coffee, chocolate, and cocoa, specific individuals should only use it. Research indicates that it progresses attentiveness and endurance, mostly for sleeping depressed, it interferes with sleep sound and makes on jittery.
Moreover, chemical and technical toxicological research considerations indicate that additives have acute oral toxicity. Toxicological studies performed with magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate (purity 97.5%) shown that the chemical results in skin irritation. Similarly, studies conducted in the eyes shown irritation of eyes. The results indicated that the use of this chemical leads to hyperaemic blood vessel lesions. A study in Southampton based on a mixture of six artificial food colors to identify if artificial food colors increase hyperactivity in children produced positive results (Mercola 2015, p. 13). The study panel experts reviewed the study and concluded that the increase in children’s hyperactivity represented similar normal variations one would expect to find in children. Therefore, EFSA found the study reliable regarding its hyperactivity claims.
Scientists have categorized food additives into various classes depending on the components and nature. Firstly, preservatives used today are additives that are central in the Food Industry of the UK. The use of preservatives allows for transporting of perishable foods, including foods with bacteria, yeast, and molds that would otherwise grow leading to food poisoning or spoilage, the most common preservatives in the UK are divided into salt, sulfate, benzoic acid, acetic, nitrates, and nitrites among others. Moreover, antioxidants are considered essential when presenting either natural or artificially, in fat-rich or oil-rich foods. Moreover, the developmental studies using methylparaben in rats, rabbits, mice, and hamsters examined for abnormalities in both skeletal and soft tissues. The results produced no significant treatment effects in the studies on the maternal body, pregnancy rate, live litter size, and the number of implications. Scientific comments to food additives and food components require restriction because of the total exposure to pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics possess a potential health crisis.
Statutory and Non-Statutory Control of Food Additives
Industries practicing food businesses have the primary responsibility for ensuring safety standards in their products. Therefore, the industry must comply with established legislation concerning food additives coupled with rules on reducing or eradicating health risks for humans resulting from chemical contaminants. According to Food Standards Agency UK (2014, p. 12), chemical contaminants found in food additives come from farming, such as the use of pesticides and veterinary medicines, packaging, processing, storage, and the pollutants in the environment. Therefore, food additives must show complete compliance with a specified legislative component that aims to ensure that they are applied after recommendations from scientific and technological validation and should not mislead consumers or have adverse health effects. Natural components in plants, such as glycoalkaloids in potatoes, may be toxic, and some like lectins in pulses may be harmful when not cooked properly causing allergies to people. Therefore, the legislative guidance provides the companies using food additives, high-temperature cooking, pesticides, and contact materials with information on safety rules and procedures.
The European Union regulation procedures of improving on food agents issued in the event of 2008 replaced the EU regulation, thereby incorporating flavorings, food additives, and enzyme regulations offering a mutual procedure of authorizing all the three. The basis of principles and provisions of legislation package on food additives documented in the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 (Food Standards Agency 2013, p. 6).
Legislative Package General Requirements
The legislation provides for:
• A civic list containing recommended or approved food additives
• Circumstances for use of the food additives, including enzymes
• Regulations for labeling on food additives
• Transportation or carry over principles
• Rules for labeling the Southampton colors
• Specifications established for non-prohibited food additives
Substances Excluded from Food Additive Legislation
The legislation defines food additive in Article 3.2 (a) as:
“Any substance not normally consumed as food and not normally used as a characteristic ingredient of food, whether or not it has a nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packaging, transport or storage of such food results, or maybe reasonably expected to result, in it or its by-products becoming directly or indirectly a component of such foods” (Article 3.2 a.)
The phrase “any substance, whatever its function, which does not comply with the above definition is not under the control of the Regulation 1333/2008. In detail, the directive is not applied to usual elements and foods and if included, they for purposes of measured function (Regulation (EC) no 1333/2008 p. 21). The definition includes details of elements that for the regulation reasons, not deliberate food additives. Substances, including calcium carbonate or sodium ascorbate, both applied, as supplements are not under the regulation. However, the main purposes for which such substances are used determine the legislation that applies. Under Article 3.2 (b), processing aids, including release agents and filtration aids excepted from the Commission Regulation 1333/2008 scope. There national regulation in the UK guiding processing or presence of legal substances approved list of processing aids even within the EU. Meanwhile, processes such as extraction of solvents fall outside the regulation scope of EC Directive 2009/EC, flavorings found inside the EC Regulation No. 1334/2008. Besides, enzymes of foods described within the scope of Regulation 1333/2008 fall outside the regulation scope. However, food additives continually control food enzymes’ use, such as lysozyme and invertase, until a positive list of enzymes will be ready. Additionally, substances including minerals, vitamins, and substances used in plant and animal protection not included.
List of Food Additives (Article 4, 7, and 8)
The list containing allowed food additives, including sweeteners, colors, and miscellaneous additives (antioxidants and preservatives) included in the Annexes II and III of Regulation 1333/2008. According to the EU procedures, the inclusion of a list of approved additives requires compliance with the conditions established in Regulation 1333/2008. The regulation requires that such industries document safety procedures, justify their technology, and avoid confusing consumers. The additional circumstances particular to the rule are also prescribed for sweeteners and colors. Food additives have functional classes described in Annex I and some additives provide various functions in terms of the development of technology functions. For instance, Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate of Soda or E 500) used as a hovering element, however, may as well purposefully work as an acidity regulator.
The conditions for which additives are used in foods provided by the law offer maximum limits, additives prohibition, and unprocessed foods. Regulation 1333/2008 prohibits the marketing of food additives or any product comprising food additives provided usage of additives does to observe directives. The list comprises additives for technological reasons not mentioned in Annex I. Therefore; the situation offers a suitable new role for the additive and supplemented to the Annex I list during the authorization processing of the additive. The situations for additives utilizations, counting controlled applications in particular foods, and supreme restrictions listed in Annex II. The foundation of the maximum limitation of annexes of marketed food unless otherwise stated. However, for concentrated or dried foods, such as drinks, the principle of maximum limits apply to the food based on the instructions from the manufacturer while considering the minimum dilution factor. In the EU, certain substances, such as glutamates, exist in nature and found specific diets. Therefore, the measurable restrictions apply to the level of added additive. Nonetheless, there is an exclusion in sulfites case because the regulation necessitates that the detailed quantifiable restrictions integrate sulfites obtainable from sources, recognize any natural substance occurrence.
Case Studies
Case Study 1: Food Additives and Hyperactive
Artificial colors and other food additives (AFCA) considered promoting affect behavior n children, according to a case study of a community using benzoate and AFC mixes. According to McCann, Barrett, and Cooper, et al. (2007, p. 34), food additives have detrimental effects on children by producing impulsive, overactive, and inattentive behavior. Hyperactivity is characterized by the substantial pattern in behavior individual differences in the overall population. Accordingly, the children showing this behavior pattern to a greater extent get diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The emerging fear is the failure of early studies to establish the range of perceived severe effects. However, a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled double-blinded trials indicates a significant effect of additive foods on children’s behavior in ADHD. In the meantime, the possible benefit in limiting the level of the condition of the population by the removal of food additives from the diet is established in the regulatory concepts. Accordingly, research validations from previous studies using the Isle of Write suggest that there are adverse effects on hyperactivity in children.
The clear link between food additives and hyperactivity is evident because many parents report artificial colors and preservatives to trigger the condition. A case study conducted by Southampton University explained that some artificial food colors alongside the preservatives of sodium benzoate have potentially negative effects on the behavior of children. While the investigation of identifying individual colors is in progress, the EU food regulatory safety standards suggested that parents and children experiencing signs of hyperactivity should try to eliminate the cocktail of colors used. Investigations indicate that the Sunset yellow (E110), Carmoisine (E122), Tartrazine (E102), Quinoline yellow (E104), Allura red (E129), and Ponceau 4R (E124) all involve significant risks (McCann, Barrett, and Cooper, et al. 2007, p. 34). The children in the society were found susceptible to multiple additives while others to different additives. However, it is difficult to evaluate whether food additives affect children’s behavior or other confounding factors that require attention.
Case study 2: Food additives on the rise
The explosion of modern food additives, according to Kindy (2014, p. 1-2), coupled with an easing of oversight requirements that would allow the manufacturers to avoid scrutiny of EU regulatory agencies. Most of the consumers lack awareness of the existence of new additives and their consequences. The EU regulatory authorities received consumer complaints concerning food additives, indicating that particular substance seems to trigger asthma attacks, intestinal-track disorders, and vomiting among other health concerns (Martyn, McNulty and Nugent 2013, p. 19). Furthermore, the rapid pace at which companies add secret ingredients to all products from granola bars and energy drinks, there is a widespread health concern among the advocates of food additives, and some EU regulators quicken the trend of companies. Today, a voluntary system of certification in the EU replaced the more reliable formal and timely review where authorities, rather than manufacturers make the final determination on the safety of foods, Kindy reports. This has created a public crisis leading to severe health consequences.
In the US, for instance, five decades since the Congress provided the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) the legal powers for ensuring safety standards of additives in foods, the number has risen from 8,000 to 9,000 common substances ranging from tea extracts and common salts. The increase shows a response to increased demand from busy Americans, who depend more on processed foods. Meanwhile, in the previous six months, FDA management, and the food industry recognizes that new tricks have consumed a better account for the additives proliferating in the food industry. The FDA officials and the advocacy groups recognize that there are problems because the number of cases reported skyrocketed over the previous years.
Case Study 3: Melamine as a Counterfeit Food Product Additive
The proliferation of agricultural and food product business is increasingly competitive for producers to make efforts to meet the demands of customers. Various products, including fresh fruits, animal products, processed foods, spices, and flavorings form the robust food supply chain. Meanwhile, the increasing demand for GM foods and specialty certified products, as such allergenic are generating opportunities? marketers and producers previously, China has become the largest exporter of food additives, food, and food products with a market valuation of $53 billion(reference). The Canadian Menu Foods, in 2007, issued the historic recall to pet foods in the US and confirmed the presence of melamine in the pet food products through internal testing after consumer complaints. The contamination led to significant economic losses, recalled name brand products, and deaths of domestic thousand pets (Mace 2009, p. 23). The follow-up testing and assessment by the US, China, and Canada showed the deliberate introduction by Chinese sourced manufacturer, the prohibited melamine into wheat gluten to offer artificial levels of proteins to improve the rating of a substandard product.
The deliberate contamination of foods using melamine presents substantial different challenges than individual adulteration instances in the process of selling or producing the product. The investigations revealed significant food-borne diseases, including adulteration, and contamination into the sources that threaten the food market for a general commodity. The recalls and suspicion about food product classes may also depress or sales for all food products for an unknown time. Therefore, the scenario is threatening, particularly, for small, and price-sensitive producers that may incur business failure.
Case study 4: Cholesterol and Heart Diseases
Food additives have large amounts of isoflavones that lower the low-density lipoprotein (LD) receptor expression. In a study done in the community in Ireland, it was found that isoflavones increase LDL receptor write an essay that explores this topic of Buddhist thought. This can be any form of expression that helps in absorbing the lipoproteins from blood and convert into bile acids for excretion. The mechanism shows that food additives (World Health Organization, 2014, p. 11) may reduce the risk of coronary health disease. Meanwhile, the study established that antioxidants could also lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The endothelial cells found in the vascular system produce nitric oxides (NO) that protect the body against proliferation, thrombosis, and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells within the vascular system. In the end, blood pressures collapse since the arteries are blocked. Therefore, the antioxidants help protect the nitric oxide pathway by interacting with the ROS that promotes a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, owing to the that none of the perceived health claims have been approved by clinical studies, chances are very high that food additives containing ?? could have a positive influence on the mental and physical status of humans, however, and there could be a negative effect, essentially in case significant amounts of food additives are consumed (Reference).
Conclusion
Food additives have produced important effects in the development of the food industry and have promoted significant challenges in equal measures. The current issues regarding food additives are unpleasing because of the increasing cases of complaints about food additives. While research in the field is ongoing, available scientific affected by mental or physical health disability. However, research evidence shows that multiple food additives are harmful for human consumption. Additives are used in food for reasons including maintaining product consistency, maintaining nutritional levels, wholesomeness maintenance, enhance flavor, and provide leavening and color. Most food additives increase the safety concerns after research evidence coincides with the consumer reports in most cases, such as hypersensitivity. Overall, food additives should be regulated through law enforcement to enable the manufacturers to adhere to the level of standards of food production and selling.
References
| Clarke, R.V., & Eck, J. (2005). Crime analysis for problem solvers in 60 small steps. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
Food, England (2013). The Food Additives, Flavorings, Enzymes, and Extraction Solvents (England) Regulations 2013. Statutory Instruments
Heinonen, M. (2007). Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect of berry phenolic–a Finnish perspective,” Molecular nutrition & food research 51(6):684–691.
Herschroerfer, S.M. (1987). Food and Science Technology: Quality Control in the food industry., London, Academic Press. Volume 4.
Kindy, K. (2014). Food additives on the rise as FDA scrutiny wane. The Washington Post.
Mace, R. (2009). A Case Study of Melamine as a Counterfeit Food Product Additive in Chinese Human and Animal Food Supply Chain Networks. Anti-counterfeiting and product protection program
Martyn, D., McNulty, B., and Nugent, P. (2013). Conference on ‘Translating nutrition: integrating research, practice, and policy. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2013), 72, 109–116
McCann, D., Barrett, A., and cooper, A et al. (2007). Food additives and hyperactive behavior in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Articles
Mercola, S. (2015). Analysis confirms chemicals in food are more hazardous in combination. Mercola.com
Food Standards Agency the UK. (2014). Food Additives Legislation Guidance to Compliance. Food additives – Regulation 1333/2008 |
Regulation (EC) no 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives. Official Journal of the European Union
Saltmarch, M. (eds) (2013). Essential guide to food additives. The Royal Society of Chemistry
Savedge, J. (2015). Crohn’s disease may be caused by food additives. Mother Nature Network.
World Health Organization. (2014). Evaluation of certain food additives. Seventy-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | May 14, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
The book A People’s History of Poverty in America by Stephen Pimpare is a story from the horse’s mouth. The book tells the story of poverty in America by the poor themselves. Pimpare gives the poor a voice to be heard sharing how undignified they feel. Millions of American people live in poverty they talk about the discrimination they feel, control by others and disrespect. Pimpare gives his research from the testimonies and personal accounts from the early days in America to the present. Reading the book, I realize that the immoral things we do not cause poverty, it is caused by the lack of understanding we have. This is a book report on A People’s History of Poverty in America by Stephen Pimpare. This report will summarize important things learned in the book, and later an evaluation of the things learned.
People Also Read
Pimpare explains that Poverty has often been misunderstood. To most people, poverty is caused by moral, personal failure, lack of work ethics and weakness of character. Further, poor people are characterized by hatred for law enforcement authorities like the police, early sexual activity, low marriage rates, high dependence, having the women as the breadwinners of the family and unwillingness to abandon the poverty culture. The poor are blamed for being poor, and Politicians have from time to time been heard saying that efforts to eradicate poverty are all futile (Pimpare 1).
Poverty is most of the time defined as lack of essential human needs such as food, shelter, clothing and education. To some people, however, poverty is the lack of freedom. Freedom, Pimpare explains is the inability of a person to live the life they desire and value. The Millennium development goals by the United Nations all aim at poverty reduction. When poverty is reduced or eradicate, the members of the society are free. The World Bank has been at the forefront in ensuring that people are secure and have freedom (Pimpare 33).
Pimpare says that charity should be the last resort to poverty eradication. This is because charity means power over the lives of other people. Before charity is given questions have to be asked, most of us do not like when strangers come asking personal questions, it is humiliating. He gives a story of a widow with two children, a story told by his son. The widow refused to have his sister and him adopted and said she will work hard to ensure her children have enough to eat and clothe. The men in the society dislike charity, most of the poor people are accustomed to working and feeding their families, and when food is given to them on a silver plate, they dislike it and would rather starve that seek help (Pimpare 34). The well off in the society looks at the poor as lazy and despises them for accepting charity. Michelle Manley despises charity since she says that they want to know too much about our lives for very little money. The charity also affects children; parents under shelter relief have their lives monitored. For example, they are not supposed to acquire a new TV or radio; if they do they will be asked lots of questions to find out where they got the items. Charity makes the poor feel less human and not better than animals taking all their decency away (Pimpare 24).
Evaluation
Poverty is not a choice; most of the people in our society, the homeless on our streets are not poor by choice. It is, therefore, disheartening to say that poor people are poor because they choose poverty. Poverty is deep rooted in American society and is caused by several factors, illiteracy, and lack of freedom and lack of government support.
Pimpare’s book is a voice for the poor to the rich and middle class in the society. Most of those who run charities have not or never experienced firsthand poverty. They, therefore, lack the skills and experience to handle poor people. It is humiliating for someone to come to your poor household see your starving children and asks how much food do you eat or require. The social worker, for instance, explains that she felt ashamed that she had to go through the closet of the poor man to determine how many more clothes they needed. Although it is necessary to determine if a person needs help, it is important to do this is a respectful way. The government has a role to play in ensuring that Americans have equal access to basic needs. With access to education for all, poverty shall reduce considerably.
Conclusion
A People’s History of Poverty in America by Stephen Pimpare explains the story of poverty in American society. Pimpare looks at different aspects of poverty and the blindness of the well off in the society. The poor are looked down upon by the well off when they seek relief. To the rich, poverty is a culture of the poor and is caused by their immoral character, women-centered households, sexual behavior and failure of marriages. Public charity demeans the poor further; they have to line up like cows to receive food and clothing. The charity givers do not empathize with their situation they talk to them rudely. They have to disclose very personal information to get help. It is important for those who work is charities to be people who have experienced poverty to create a good rapport between them and those they serve. Additionally the government has a role to play in ensuring that poverty is eradicated.
Work Cited
Pimpare, Stephen. “A people’s history of poverty in America”. New York: New Press, 2011.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | May 14, 2023 | Essays |
Branding has virtually taken over the business world today. Every entrepreneur and business, whether old or new are first and foremost concerned with creating a brand. In the past, many businesses considered branding a trademark. A brand just covered the logo of the business but did not penetrate the intricacies of the business. Today, however, branding has taken the science of psychology and produced a new tradition that requires a business to give up traditional practices in favor of growing a powerful brand. Consumers are often thought to purchase not the product itself but the brand name. Many companies invest a large percentage of their income in creating a brand name that secures their present and future income as well.
People Also Read
Randall (1997) and Coomber (2002) goes further to indicate that even acquisitions of other companies and investment in particular industries are decisions driven mainly by branding. For example, in the Tata Industries based in India purchased Jaguar and Ford, they did not purchase unique materials that they did not have or even secrets to products they were unable to develop. The investment was directed at building a new brand name. The more than two-billion-dollar investment is allowed Tata to purchase a completely built and structured brand name. The cost was not based on the value of assets by Ford or even the proceeding income from products but rather on the importance and influence of the brand name. Cliffton et al (2003) Concluded that consumers today are more attracted to the branding of a company. They are sometimes willing to pay more, even undergo some inconveniences just to get access to the products of a particular company, not because of quality but because of the faith they have in the brand.
Branding is the psychology of recognition
Miletsky and Smith (2009) conducted a study where they found that majority of the consumers often shy away from anything new. Many consumers feel more secure about something they know, have experienced, or at least have heard of. Stroud (2005) in a concurring study, packaged known products and put brand names that were non-existent but kept the same elements of the product including the price. It was concluded that consumers, at least a majority of them were unwilling to try the new products. Those who did give the products low grading despite the product being the same. Both studies concluded that consumers often turn to something they recognize, even though the product may not be of good quality or even better price.
The soft drink industry has been dominated by the presence of two large companies that is, coca-cola and Pepsi cola. Despite, the introduction of many other soft drinks some of which are better tasting, healthier, and even better price, the average consumer will still market during promotion times. Getting a cut off discount on a certain amount of purchase coca-cola. Branding is vital for purposes of recognition and because recognition is what builds a business and increases sales for the business, branding more often than not takes precedence over other matters in the business. However, it is important to note that branding only leads to recognition through consistency. Branding is not a haphazard art of throwing together what the business imagines the consumer needs. It is actually psychology (the study of human behavior) and science (analysis of branding strategies that work) put together to create a formidable team that appeals to the market (LePla and Parker 1999; Bevan and Wengrow 2010).
Increased competition
In the business world today, there does not exist a business that is not facing increased growth of competition. Companies are continually fighting for the attention of the consumer. While today a company may have a large share of the market, tomorrow a new start-up could invade the same share dragging off the majority of the clientele (Davis 2009). Many companies that have stood the test of time are constantly trying to wade off competition. Another percentage has fallen into the hand of carefully structured and well-organized competition. Mathieson (2005) states that the science of benchmarking is built on the need for consumers to poverty was measured with the parameter of basic needs. Adam Smith, for instance, defined poverty as the inability to purchase brands and companies to create them. Successful brands such as Coca-Cola and General Motors have been studied widely, in an attempt to recreate their success stories. This is why branding requires to be unique and structured so that it curves out a niche for the owner. For example, the Jaguar brand is not just any other vehicle brand such as Toyota and Ford, the brand is built on provision and providing access to luxury vehicles. The consistency of Jaguar in producing these luxury vehicles aimed at ensuring consumer comfort while at the same time improving one’s social class status has created a unique niche and secured jaguar’s market share.
Hammond (2011) States that for every new start-up there are several others of similar nature currently in operation. Each business, therefore, requires creating something unique which draws consumers. Failure to do so will almost always lead to imminent failure of the business within the first year of operation. Branding, therefore, distinguishes one from the competition, giving all businesses a fighting chance.
It is the only way to communicate with consumers
For a long time, companies have sought out creative ways through which they can let consumers know what they are all about. Consumers have varying needs, and they will not come to a company unless they are aware of what the company is about, and how it will benefit them. Gobe (2001) uniquely defines branding as the process of exposing the company and business DNA to the consumer. The more a consumer gets to keno or feels they know about a company, the more they are willing to engage with them in business for a longer time. Vinjamuri (2008) continues to state that in today’s business world everything is viewed as untrustworthy especially where information is scanty. Consumers want to know more about the company before they can products they were unable to develop. The investment was directed at building a new brand name. The more than two billion-dollar investment is allowed Tata to purchase their products.
Branding allows the market to access the right information that they can rely upon when making decisions. Morgan et al (2008) give a good example of the Johnson and Johnson Company, which is branded as the leading manufacturer of baby products. The company is often associated with new mothers, pregnancy, and other material matters. Often the staff is seen in training and assisting young mothers in their new roles. The result is that a large percentage of mothers feel they can trust and rely on the company with their delicate little ones. Seldom are they willing to experiment with other companies whom they feel they know less of? Communication is a vital part and indeed a necessity for the survival of any company today. A large chunk of business is created through simple communication to and from the consumer concerning their needs and wants.
Consumers require proper representation
Holt (2004) clearly stated that a majority of the time companies fail to attract consumers through proper representation. Representation is the first step towards the relationship with the consumer. It is the first impression that consumers rely upon when making delicate choices in a highly competitive market. Verma (2010) further indicates that a majority of the time, companies are more focused on pricing, with marketing and other aspects of creating a buzz that they forget the most important representation. A brand goes far beyond the name of the product; it is the foundation upon which the representation of the company regarding staff, marketing promotions, and event management style is built upon.
Traditionally, companies often built marketing promotions, management styles, and products before building the brand name. In fact, as Baladi (2011) states branding was more often than not an accident that arose from consumer reactions to different company campaigns. Today, however, the market principles are such that consumers are no longer drawn to exciting advertisements that can be replicated and outdone by the competition, brand building has become more of a science. Before even beginning production and before making any attempt to reach the consumers, companies must engage themselves in researching and coming up with the right brand name and characteristics. Failure to do so often leads to confusion, a lack of focus, and clarity that in turn leads to consumers mistrusting the products under that brand name. Since it is the first item that consumers encounter in the company and business, much effort must be put into it to reap rewards.
Branding is vital for human resource
Recent research has shown that there is nothing more important to a business than motivated workers. When people are motivated, the company tends to grow in leaps and bounds (Mallik 2009). Keller (1998) states that a motivated workforce is a unique asset for a company in which the completion cannot duplicate. It gives the company an edge over the competition. The science of motivating workers is one that has drawn much interest from various fronts. Debates are endless on the strategies that companies can employ to attract and retain unique talent. However, there is one conclusion often drawn from the various fronts, a unique brand name is a foundation of retaining a motivated talent force. Kapferer (2008) gives an example of USAID, an international charity organization that is often located in the hard-living areas of the globe. Despite the conditions for work, the poor pay, and often difficult conditions which the staff has to endure; the organization faces little turnover and attracts millions of volunteers each year. The secret is the brand name, where people feel proud and in many cases very accomplished to work for an organization that is renowned for transforming the lives of the poor.
Large companies such as coca-cola and McDonald’s face little turnover because employees are proud to be associated with the successes of these companies. Employees like consumers often need clarity to succeed in the tasks. As the company grows and succeeds, employees are faced with increasing chances of growth and development. They are therefore more motivated to work harder, to develop unique skills, and essentially ensure the success of the company.
Conclusion
Today’s business world operates on the concept of perception. In the past, companies worked hard to outdo each other in terms of quality products and prices; today, however, consumers are more interested in what they think about the company. A company with a less quality product is most likely to outdo another higher quality product by computation simply because of perception. Building a unique brand allows the company to have the advantage of perception. Even when it comes to large, renowned company’s perception almost always makes a difference. Abrahams (2008) gives an example of a blind Coke/ Pepsi test. A group of consumers blindfolded and given the drinks to taste, almost always rate Pepsi higher in terms of taste and enjoyment. On the other hand, when the blindfold is removed, Coke always wins. Good branding has given Coke loyal customers a reason to pick consistently their products in place of others that may be better in terms of quality and price.
Managers in businesses today need to balance carefully the psychology of branding. With the right brand, expansion can be easy, market shares can be gotten, and sales are easy to come by for the company. On the other hand, a poor brand almost always spells doom for the company and success for the competition. Since brands are not easy to change, often requiring heavy investment in resources and energy, the creation of a proper brand is vital. Glynn and Woodside (2008 ) readily conclude that a brand is a company’s most vital asset and weapon; it attracts new customers, gives an edge over completion, keeps away new competitors, and protects the business during difficult business climates and economic downturns.
References
Abrahams, D. (2008). Brand Risk Adding Risk Literacy To Brand Management. Aldershot, Hampshire, England, Gowe
Baladi, J. (2011). The Brutal Truth About Asian Branding And How To Break The Vicious Cycle. Singapore, Wiley.
Bevan, A., & Wengrow, D. (2010). Cultures Of Commodity Branding. Walnut Creek, Ca, Left Coast Press.
Clifton, R., Simmons, J., & Ahmad, S. (2003). Brands And Branding. London, Profile Books
Coomber, S. (2002). Branding. Oxford, U.K., Capstone Pub.
Davis, M. (2009). The Fundamentals Of Branding. Lausanne, Ava
Duffy, N., & Hooper, J. (2003). Passion Branding. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.
Gobé, M. (2001). Emotional Branding: The New Paradigm For Connecting Brands To People. New York, Allworth Press
Hammond, J., & Hammond, J. (2011). Branding Your Business [Promote Your Business, Attract Customers, Build Your Brand Through The Power Of Emotion]. London, Kogan Page
Holt, D. B. (2004). How Brands Become Icons: The Principles Of Cultural Branding. Boston, Mass, Harvard Business School Press.
Kapferer, J.-N. (2008). The New Strategic Brand Management Creating And Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term. London, Kogan Page.
Keller, K. L. (1998). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, And Managing Brand Equity. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
Lepla, F. J., & Parker, L. M. (1999). Integrated Branding Becoming Brand-Driven Through Companywide Action. Westport, Conn, Quorum.
Mallik, S. (2009). Brand Management. Jaipur, India, Book Enclave
Mathieson, R. (2005). Branding Unbound The Future Of Advertising, Sales, And The Brand Experience In The Wireless Age. New York, Amacom
Miletsky, J. I., & Smith, G. (2009). Perspectives On Branding. Boston, Mass, Course Learning
Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., & Pride, R. (2004). Destination Branding: Creating The Unique Destination Proposition. Oxford [England], Elsevier Butterworth-Heinen
Randall, G. (1997). Branding. London, Kogan Page
Stroud, D. (2005). The 50-Plus Market Why The Future Is Age Neutral When It Comes To Marketing & Branding Strategies. London, Kogan Page.
Verma, H. (2010). Branding Demystified Plans To Payoffs. New Delhi, Response Books
Vinjamuri, D. (2008). Accidental Branding How Ordinary People Build Extraordinary Brands. Hoboken, Nj, John Wiley & Sons
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
