by Herman Bailey | Aug 3, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
Labeling theory is a perspective based on how individuals’ interests and behaviors can be swayed by the terms society uses to classify them, enabling the self-fulfilling prophecy which perpetuates further deviance and delinquency. Deviance describes actions and behaviors that go against formal rules that have been enacted and informal social norms. Deviance is separated into two sections, which are: one, being formal deviance which is a crime that whereby there is a transgression of enacted laws that are formal. The disobedience of norms that have not been structured in the law is another type of deviant behavior and it is called informal deviance. Belching loudly is one example of an informal norm.
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Labeling theory occurs over a process of three stages. First, when a person breaks a set societal rule that is viewed as a deviant or negatively by others. Second, this so-called deviant is then overtime treated as such; excluded from social arrangements they were accustomed to before their rule-breaking, or spoken down to or spoken about. Lastly, the perceived deviant now accepts the role or stereotype and becomes an actual deviant. Labeling theory can be broken down into two different forms of labeling; formal and informal. Formal Labeling is when there is intervention by the criminal justice system, where there is a formal filing of the deviant act, which affects the self-concept. On the other hand, there is informal labeling, where the individual is labeled based on their behaviors by friends, family, teacher, or other members of the community which will often lead to more deviant behavior resulting in the eventual official labeling. Most times nonconformity to modern-day societal regulations are seen as actually deviant, and this role of deviance is mostly put on the personal characteristics of the individual rather than just the deviant act. Many forms are actually considered when one looks at sociological research concerning deviance. A lady called, Dr. Karen Halnon focused on informal deviance called, “deviance vacations,” whereby people that belong to a certain economic status enter a lower, social level. To gain acceptability to add profits people that are considered performers can affect deviant behaviors. Therefore, placing a congressional role by the majorities to negatively tag minorities.
In labeling theory past behaviors of a labeled individual who is considered deviant are reinterpreted according to their label. That process of recasting past actions is called “retrospective labeling.
A human being ends up becoming not normal when an unusual label is used on the specific person; one gets used to the label by portraying the behaviors that are related to the specific label. This theory shows how a person can become deviant when people force that identity on them. Stigma causes a process like this to work when applying a label that is deviant one connects a stigmatized identity to the labeled individual.
Background of Labeling Theory
This theory is deeply connected to the framework of reality. The social framework of self is a continuous activity that involves conversations with others. Nevertheless, its ideas can be seen in the work of a sociologist called Emile Durkheim. Others that put their input in the advancement of this theory and the conducting of research that is connected to it involve Edwin Lemert, Frank Tannenbaum, Erving Goffman, and David Matza, Albert Memmi.
This theory ended up emerging as the perspective that was dominating when it came to the learning of deviance. It ended up changing the domain by reconsidering what deviance was constituted by and what is actually considered important. For a quarter of a century, it actually dominated the study of deviance. Zenith passed it, and it has ended up remaining to be one of the aspects of societal reaction theory, an enduring view that has not stopped to produce research that has been extending and reviewing it to new domains such as stigma.
A statement on deviance that’s is very crucial is seen in the following quotation from Howard S. Becker, being one of the early exponents of the interactionist approach. Becker
mentions that “social’s group creates deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitute
deviance and, by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as an outsider.” Labeling theory looks at the social responses to crime and deviance and does not tolerate questions of etiology.
Through different kinds of streams of influence, the study of deviance has been molded over the years. One of the origins of the learning of deviance that has been there from the beginning, over a century ago can be seen in Emile Durkheim’s (1897), who is a pioneering investigation of suicide, in which a relationship was established between the rates of suicide and organization of society. A perspective where we see deviance is viewed as norm transgressing behaviors, such as crime, suicide, etc., a dominant influence was developed. Research had started being conducted toward identifying the social causes of the norm-violating behavior plus the consequences that the larger society would have to face.
This theory cannot be recognized if not for its connection to the reaction theory that is from society and that it can be seen as another branch of that reaction theory. The different levels are intertwined.
There are three sections to these theories. (A) macroanalysis, focuses on inter-connections of labeling stages to the bigger social systems, (B) Studies that deal with larger focuses and Labeling Theory, is called Mesoanalysis, (C), the studies that deal with the all traditional worries of labeling theory. On the micro aspects of societal reaction theory, labeling theory would end getting into a narrow focus.
Edwin Lemert developed the ideas of secondary and primary deviance in his work Social Pathology which he published in 1951. Lemert described primary deviance as the initial deviant act, in which society saw the act as bad, but the individual’s character was still good. Simply put the behavior in which was acted out was against the grain of what was the norm, however, there were no long-term consequences of a permanent label from external observers or to a deviant self-identity on the part of the individual. Secondary deviance, Lemert described as the continuance of the deviant before in which the individual has become on the deviant self-image. Within the context of secondary deviance, the now truly deviant individual has realigned their self-concept to actively violate social norms with more deviance themselves or within a sub-group of the alike (Lemert, 1951). Later, in the 1960s and 1970s, labeling theory was brought to the forefront of criminologists such as Howard Becker, Kai Erickson, and John Kitsuse, where they affirmed that people’s behavior is often based on the perception of a deviant act, and manipulated by the social reaction to the deviant act.
An approach to understanding behavior that is considered is what is referred to as labeling theory. An assumption is made that there isn’t any intrinsically criminal act. Those in power define criminality by the making of laws.
Strengths and Weakness of the Labeling Theory
Strengths
Attempts at the control can often backfire in labeling theory. It also demonstrates the in a discriminatory way law is normally enforced. One can see the reasons for the difference in deviance between cultures. And it also highlights the weakness of official statistics. Identify possible criminogenic effects of criminal sanctions, also useful in assessing corrections methods.
Weakness
Labeling theory can give the offender-victim status and ignores the real victims of crime, which is very unfortunate is not a victim. Labeling theory is in fact the first theory to identify the role of power in creating deviance but it ends up failing to analyze this source, instead of focusing on ‘middle-range officials’, such as the police officers. This theory also normally ignores the people who actively pursue deviance. Plus it’s often deterministic- not all those who are labeled continue on a deviant career.
Another disadvantage of labeling theory is that it frequently encourages individuals to act in a way that is not themselves. Also, it can result in an individual having a criminal lifestyle, and yet that is not who they truly are. Moreover, stereotyping associated with labeling theory adamantly affects younger people, more than older people because they are more malleable. An advantage to this is that it can be used on young people especially those coming from a bad background to help them grow to be better people and adopt positive characteristics.
An observation of this theory is that it is still not very clear whether or not labeling has the impact of adding deviant behavior. Hard to say, since several things may be actually tangled, including increased conversations with other wrongdoers and actually adapting to new criminal chances.
Another observation of this theory is that it highlights the communicative stage of labeling and ends up ignoring the activities and stages that lead to deviant acts. Such stages might actually involve the difference in attitudes, and opportunities, and how the structures of the economy and social forms impact these.
Case Study
Criminal justice looks into the rapid growth of awareness that music substantially contributes to the understandings of law-breaking. Additionally, the steady increase of studies scrutinizing music effects on crime in society as a whole. Through examining the criminological significance in the growth of literature of music on crime in society to endorse and encourage inquiries by specifying criminal talk in music and its connection to educational criminology (Ferrell & Sanders, 1999). Evaluating different songs on murders, drugs, racism, wars, poverty, and various crimes, allow relevant authorities to investigate, the perceived and heard to the actual and seen. As well as, demonstrate the vital connection of music to criminology illustrating that crime-related music constitutes a form of widespread criminology, a dissertation comparable to practical criminology together with the identical social implications. Ferrell and Sanders (1999) illustrate that this is used in showing the processes that crime-related music nurture one’s thoughts regarding crime. It shows how crime-related music studies gain power and strength by concentrating on the criminological significance of (Ape& Gary, 2010).
Music is commonly seen as a positive social-cultural element as it exposes diverse phenomena affecting society, making it a significant tool to illustrate and practice the concept of labeling theory. Music has been used as a method of inflicting pain and suffering in conflict circumstances as well as healing within communities who feel injustice. For instance, it has been used to chastise or deter the least powerful in society, unwelcome groups of young people or others looked upon as contrary to society. Zhang and Messner (2000) look into the use of music in crime regulation, deterrence, and punishment by investigating the utilization of music for harmful ends, many of which disregard people’s civil rights. The labeling theory also looks at the reality of things in the world and how the world operates through the artist’s eyes and by the use of their words, classifying society in the diverse social categories.
Tupac”2Pac” Shakur was a prolific African American rap star, poet, martyr, revolutionary, and thug. His lyrics actually energized the hopes and dreams of inner-city youth. His lyrics “presented an idealistic vision of the ’90s, “thus, along with many other rappers, establishing rap music as America’s creative and most influential music form /speech community today (George143). 2Pac was one of the most influential and controversial voices to emerge from hip-hop’s genre of so-called gangster rap, which brought him so much criticism. 2Pac and many gangster rappers were criticized for their violently misogynistic claims. Gangster rappers became symbols of the best and worst of American musical creativity.
“Changes” is a song by 2Pac. The song talks about drugs, how black people are treated by the police at the time.
Tupac has so many songs that talk about aspects concerning labeling theory.
In his popular song Changes (Shakur, Evans, & Hornsby,1998, track 5), for example, Tupac raps:
I’m tired of bein’ poor & even worse I’m black
my stomach hurts so I’m lookin’ for a purse to snatch
Cops give a damn about a negro
pull the trigger kill a nigga he’s a hero
Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares
one less hungry mouth on the welfare
First ship ‘em dope & let ‘em deal the brothers
give ‘em guns step back watch ‘em kill each other
Several subjects are discussed extensively and one can see the relevance of the topics in one’s day-to-day lives and their effects on society. This demonstrates how much Tupac, as an individual, was affected by this theory as he shows immense social degradation which subjects the minority into intense discrimination and marginalization due to negative labels spearheaded by the majority Native white Americans. Through “Changes,” Tupac reveals how labeling theory has promoted police brutality, increased drug abuse, violence, and social crime like murder due to the brainwashing philosophy that labeling theory inspires. It turned him into a person that he wasn’t resulting in his early demise. The subjects exposed in Tupac’s “Changes” are directly related to criminal justice in the contemporary world as he tackles the labeling theory aspect and its adverse effects that have driven many youths into criminal activities in society. This song demonstrates the aspect of how when people are labeled by police as drug offenders have a harder time integrating into the society, and would not focus on the acquisitive crimes that these persons committed to getting money to buy drugs,….etc. This reflects how it emphasizes the deviant, and ignores the real social harms that crime causes.
Applying Labeling Theory to a Case Study
Tupac’s “Changes” significantly reveals the negative stereotype that the dominant white supremacists have accorded to the minority people of color. Through constantly associating the African American communities with antisocial behaviors such as crime, violence, and drug abuse, the community has adamantly conformed to the description and regretfully accepted their deplorable social position. With the consistent promotion of social inequality, Tupac exposes massive poverty affecting the black community and how negative labeling has consequently deterred them from elevating themselves from the adverse effects of poverty like crime, internet also promotes establishment of illegal pharmacies that may be dealing in unapproved or recalled drugs. Besides, online drug abuse, and violence. Additionally, despite the adamant misconception that labeling theory results in anti-social conduct among the African American communities, it is acknowledgeable that the white supremacy notion and massive racial profiling and discrimination have extremely repressed people of color leading to unequal distribution of socioeconomic resources. In a more contemporary application of informal labeling theory, one may be on the receiving end of the label based on the notions and perceived label or stereotype. The lines show how many black people in America are caught up in poor conditions and don’t get because they are labeled or stereotyped by so they continue to be deviant just to get by.
Further, according to the song “Changes,” this state of being poor and being given a label according to that is greatly reflected in the disorganized and underprivileged communities. Thus crime and violence are present in such communities. Pager et.al. (2009) point out that the upbringing of a child in low-income neighborhoods can affect crime. An observation has been made that there is often inequality in the arrests made among those from low-class neighborhoods and noble neighborhoods. Hence, socio-economic labeling and prejudice that encompasses the aiming of low-class neighborhoods significantly influence crimes. For instance, the unprivileged people in the community who are unable to access necessities thus go-ahead to do activities that are unlawful and illegal to be able to provide for themselves (Pager et.al.2009). It can thus lead to inefficiency and negative public beliefs in a person or a community. This makes some people perform unlawful deeds to be able to access necessities.
Nevertheless, labeling individuals in society promote significant connections to understand societal classes. Society often has the thoughts that the dependent users of income taxes and personal revenues. However, as much as the healthcare system in Canada is social and universal, the plan does not cater for drugs such as crack cocaine and heroin are those committing acts such as burglary and larceny to obtain funds to buy the drugs (King &Fliegal, 2011). Apart from that crime and drugs have other connecting grouping that deems labels on individuals in the social influence of drugs specifically alcohol are caught committing aggravated offenses (King &Fliegal, 2011). A great portion of stabbings, killings, homicides, and part of the domestic assaults are greatly associated with drunkenness and drug abuse.
Lastly, Tupac repeats that he actually does not notice and see any change and would like to see each individual doing something to change. Somewhere in the song, he gives a moving speech over the beat, “It’s time for us as a people to start makin’ some changes. Let’s change the way we eat, let’s change the way we live, and let’s change the way we treat each other. You see the old way wasn’t working so it’s on us to do what we gotta do, to survive(Shakur et al., 1998, track 5).” From a theoretical standpoint, one can correlate the way we treat each other as a way of enabling or solving the continued deviance of labeled individuals. If society could look at deviance or delinquency as an act and not as the characteristics of the actor, then there is still hope for a recovery social structure. A social structure where people aren’t known as bad, when they still have a sliver of good in them, that individuals who make mistakes can still be brought back into the fold and restored, rather than scrutinized.
Other Theories that Can Explain the Case Study
Social Disorganization Theory
This theory states where a person resides in an important factor when it comes to whether that person will be involved in illegal activities. This theory mentions that a person’s location is more important in determining whether he or she will be involved in illegal activities rather than even the person’s characteristics. For example, youth in a particular area are pronto doing drugs and caring services and hands decontaminated after the glove have been removed. Lastly, gloves should be changed when soiled and should not be decontaminated or washed with alcohol if they are surrounded by so many clubs, and drug selling stores, etc.
When you decide to listen to the lyrics of a song you will notice that several songs have key messages to them. One of the examples of this is such lyrics of the song “Changes” by Tupac Shakur.
Throughout the song, Tupac talks about problems affecting Factors influencing job satisfaction among public sector employees: an empirical exploration. South African-Americans and gives possible ways on how to solve them. He also observes why his communities have a hard time dealing with these problems, which is linked to social issues. He says in the song “First ship ’em dope & let ’em deal the brothers. Give ’em guns, step back, and watch ’em kill each other.”
Social Control Theory
Using the internal method of social control is what is referred to as social control theory. The beliefs one has and what he/she values plus the relationships that one has made him/her conform to them. When one internalizes morals and individuals are put together into larger communities, people will willingly restrict deviant acts. This proposes the significance of internal methods of control through one’s own consciousness, sensibilities, and self-esteem about what is wrong what is right are strong enough to mitigate the probability that one will stray from social norms. This is extremely different from external methods of control, in which people listen and obey because an authority threatens to punish should the individual choose not to submit.
Social control theory assumes that all the choices that one makes are mannered by social interactions and agreements between parties. According to social control theory, what is moral and immoral to an individual is established within a social order and has consequences to actions that are marked as deviant.
Conflict Theory
When deviant behaviors come from political, or social, or material differences in a social group that is referred to as conflict theory. Different groups can decide to do something, or “act out” against the people oppressing them to change their circumstances. An example of conflict theory would be how the 2Pac song, “Changes” and several different songs by him would speak out, bring conflict, and bring awareness on how they were being mistreated and how they were being labeled. He acted out through his music and caused people in his area to act out and protest. His actions and point of view show how conflict theory can be used to explain social deviance. This is also another theory that can be used to explain more about the case study on 2Pac
Conclusion
Conclusively, negatively labeling people as deviant, aggressive, anti-social, drug addicts, robbers, and murders substantially engulf their identity and they acquire the self-concept version rather than the original prior-to-deviant-self. Frequently restoring such individuals into default status is greatly difficult. For instance, due to the predominant negative stereotype, African Americans and other people of color have accepted their minority position without much resistance. A great number of people involve themselves in criminality to acquire essentials such as food, housing, and clothing for not only themselves but also their families due to the adverse effects of negative stereotype and labeling that leads to inequality and unequal distribution of resources (Ape & Sweeten, 2010).
When someone is referred to as a deviant person it becomes a hard task to remove that label. The individual remains to be referred to as a criminal and society view him as being untrustworthy. That person, in turn, takes in that label that has been given to him and starts viewing himself/herself as that deviant individual and then proceeds to do deeds that portray the expectations of that label. Even when that person does not do any other deviant act than the one that made him get that label it will start to be a very long and hard process to get rid of that label. When labeling theory is applied to an individual publicly for doing a bad thing that person will forever be treated with a lot of suspicions.
References
Apel, R., & Sweeten, G. (2010). The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood. Social Problems, 57(3), 448-479. doi:10.1525/sp.2010.57.3.448
Ferrell, J. (1999). world as an American woman married to a Muslim. Boundaries are often based on norms of Cultural Criminology. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 395-418. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.395
King, A. G., & Fliegel, R. M. (2011). Conviction records and disparate impact. ABA Journal of Labor & Employment Law 26:405–26.
Pager, D., Bonikowski, B., & Western, B. (2009). Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment. American Sociological Review, 74(5), 777–799. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400505
Shakur, T., Evans, D., & Hornsby, B. (1998). Changes [Recorded by Tupac Shakur]. On Greatest Hits [CD]. Santa Monica, CA: Interscope.
Thornberry, T. P. (1973). Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Sentencing in the Juvenile Justice System. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-),64(1), 90. doi:10.2307/1142660
Zhang, L., & Messner, S. F. (2000). The Effects of Alternative Measures of Delinquent Peers on Self-Reported Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,37(3), 323-337. doi:10.1177/0022427800037003004
Desmondtwsa. Labeling Theories of Crime. Slideshare.net. https://www.slideshare.net/desmondtwsa/labelling-theories-of-crime
Social Disorganization Theory.End. Wikipedia.org.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_disorganization_theory
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | Aug 2, 2023 | Essays |
The first case chosen for the study is whether physicians should offer recommendations based on experience but contrary to current practice guidelines by Beth and Kren. In this case, a patient Mr. S goes to meet his doctor, Dr. O. During the visit, Mr. S requests Dr. O to recommend his statins because in the past he had a lifestyle modification (Beth and Karen, 2018). However, there has been no positive change, but rather elevated low-density and high-density lipoprotein that is lower than normal. In his response, Dr. O feels that Mr. S should continue living a modified life. He uses his life experience and that of his other patients to discourage Mr. S from the drug.
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The case presents two major issues; the first one is based on how physicians should help patients make treatment recommendations. The second issue is the role of both the patient and the physician in making treatment decisions. In this case, Dr. O uses his personal life to help Mr. S to avoid using a statin. He mentions that he had earlier had complications as a result of using the health to ensure the safety of prescribed drugs. This paper discuss the recall of tetrazepam drug. By using his personal experience, Dr. O raises some ethical principles. The first ethical principle is truthfulness. He was honest with his patient concerning the effects of the internet also promotes establishment of illegal pharmacies that may be dealing in unapproved or recalled drugs. Besides, online drug. The other principle is confidentiality. In medical practice, it is important that certain issues are kept private and should not be exposed to patients. Dr. O uses his patients’ information or condition to convince Mr. S against the drug.
Mr. S and Dr. O have had a long-term relationship. Dr. O was their family doctor and presently, he is treating Mr. S and his three children. Before he started his treatment for the day, they had a social talk which confirms that there was a personal relationship. The close relationship they had might have influenced his decision to use his personal story and that of his patients to convince Mr. S against the regulations. If I was in Dr. O’s situation; I would have limited the influence of the personal relationship in my professional work. Instead, I would have employed other ways that do not involve use violation of any regulation.
The second case discusses how physicians can respectfully counsel a vegan patient with (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) IBD and benefit from the supplements. In this case, there is a young lady, Kate, who is a committed vegan. However, during her bloodwork, her doctor, Dr. C notices that she has low levels of iron, calcium, and folic acid, and he relates these symptoms to her condition of feeling tired (Elizabeth and Kayhan, 2018). Kate is seen to inquire from Dr. C about the best vegetable she can eat to help her gain the specific nutrients. Dr. C in his response advises Kate that the fastest way to gain the nutrients is to take their supplements. Kate, however, insists that she does not want to take the supplements because she is aware they contain animal products.
The major issue, in this case, is how Dr.C advises Kate to take the supplements knowing that they contain animal products. The ethical principle in the case is autonomy. Kate believes that as an animal lover she should not be eating animal products. After watching documentaries and reading an article, Kate found a good plant vegan diet. She learned that by being a vegan, she would acquire adequate nutrients and she will get health benefits such as treatment and prevention of certain diseases (Elizabeth and Kayhan, 2018). Dr. C understands Kate’s position but still feels that she has a unique condition of IBD that may require her to take supplements rich in iron and calcium. In this case, Kate has made a decision, but Dr. C is the external influence.
If I was in the position of Dr. C.; I would try to understand Kate’s involvement or stand in her diet goal as a vegan. Knowing that people decide to become vegans based on different reasons, a physician needs to understand his or her patient before deciding to introduce them to supplements. Even though Kate did not have spiritual issues regarding animal products, she was committed to her course as a vegan. After realizing that Kate had a strong commitment, as a physician, I would study her diet history before researching some of the vegan diets that can provide the needed nutrients (Rowe & Moodley, 2013). Also, I would not assume other factors or reasons that could have led to her drop in the levels of the said nutrients. Lastly, I would demonstrate total commitment in trying to understand her health and values (Rowe & Moodley, 2013). I would then look for a vegan diet that would address her nutritional recommendations. I will as well work with her to help her identify what she can do without having to sacrifice her values and at the same time improve her health.
References
Beth A. Lown, MD and Karen E. Victor, MD Should a Physician Offer Recommendations Based on Experience but Contrary to Current Practice Guidelines? https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/should-physician-offer-recommendations-based-experience-contrary-current-practice-guidelines/2018-11
Elizabeth Southworth and Kayhan Parsi, JD, Ph.D. How Should a Physician Counsel a Vegan Patient With IBD Who Might Benefit From Supplements? https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/how-should-physician-counsel-vegan-patient-ibd-who-might-benefit-supplements/2018-11
Rowe, K., & Moodley, K. (2013). Patients as consumers of health care in South Africa: the ethical and legal implications. BMC Medical Ethics, (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-15
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | Aug 2, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
India is the seventh-largest country in the world and covers about 3 million square kilometers. She has the 10th highest GDP worldwide with an estimated value of over 1.9 trillion. However, the per capita income is as low as $ 1.592. Among the problems that India experiences are its poor education system which impacts severely on the per capita income levels each year. India has an unfavorable education system to her people and it has impacted negatively on the socio-economic lives of the residents. There has been a concern over the education system for decades. Several films have been produced to raise the issue for years which influences the prevailing socio-economic problems. This paper seeks to discuss the prevalence of the unfavorable education system in India, with specific reference to the video produced by FMF where the male actor tells the story about his country’s education system. This paper will also comparatively discuss the manifestation of the education system in the popular film, “The three idiots”. This shall be done in an in-depth manner.
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Issues raised in the short video “The three idiots”
In the video by FMF, the actor explains how unreliable the Education System of India is. In the clip, he expresses his dissatisfaction with the system in a rather intriguing way. The actor reveals that he quits studying in an attempt to find other ways to demonstrate his mental capabilities. The film raises several issues which are a clear depiction of how the education system has played a role in the demoralizing of its citizens. For instance, there is an over-emphasis on a specific line of discipline in the whole of India’s education higher learning institutions; this poses a threat to the thriving of other experts interested in other bodies of knowledge. The short video also raises concerns for the need for a reformation in the discipline preference of the general society. Society is inclined towards the development of scientific knowledge as a tool of modern development.
The social sanctioning of scientific disciplines
In the social context, the Indian education system denies its citizens the freedom to choose other disciplines of interest. The over-emphasis on scientific development favors only those top students who demonstrate excellence in the sciences. Indian societies have the mentality that all students should pursue science and become engineers in the future. As seen in the short video, the actor reports that his parents, neighbors, friends, etc. begun talking him into taking Science in his upper studies to pursue Engineering. However, at the beginning of the film, the actor reports that he failed in his examinations. The news of academic performance failure is often not received well by parents and guardians; so the actor goes ahead and states his decision to quit studying in a discipline he rather not desired and announces his decision to live a free life, chilling in the park, waiting for the rare opportunity of other people to discover his ideal capabilities.
Disinterest in education
The actor expresses his unwillingness to continue studying in his institution of higher learning. Magnifying this aspect, Kunal Chalwa reports in his article that most students in India find school boring. A survey conducted by ASER in 2017 revealed that 34% of male students drop out of school because they lack interest in the study curriculum. The Pearson Voice of Teacher Survey also reported that 45% of teachers in India admitted that their learners were barely actively engaged in the routine classes. Most students are usually poor in math and algebra at tender ages. However, the Indian curriculum requires young learners to understand these subjects already. The system portrays some level of extreme emphasis on science contrary to the mental capacities of the students according to their level.
The three idiots
The film “The three idiots” features three college friends from both modest and rich family backgrounds. The three students pursue a course in Engineering and all live in one hostel in the Imperial College of Engineering. Farhan, born in a poor family desires to pursue a course in wildlife photography but is unable because his father wants him to be an Engineer. Similar to the short film mentioned above, Farhan’s family is hardly interested in their son’s disinterest in Engineering and rather chooses to struggle in poverty to finance his education in engineering. Raju, on the other hand, comes from a middle-income family but wants to pursue Engineering, not because of passion but to change the economic status of his parents. Rancho comes from a rich family and is obsessed with developing machines. However, his obsession invites him trouble especially when he repeatedly conflicts with the Engineering professor over controversial issues, unrelated to his academic aspirations.
The privatization of higher education
The high cost of higher education has been recognized as a major factor that contributes to the poor education system in India. With their low per capita income, it is challenging for most parents to afford to educate their children. More importantly, India implemented the legislation that required the privatization of institutions of higher learning. This led to an increase in investment by private sectors in higher education (Kingdon 3310). They became competitively profit-oriented, creating a high demand for education in India. However, India reports less domestic enrollment as compared to the high number of foreign students. In the film, the professor is aware of the backgrounds of his students and when he threatens to expel Raju from the college unless he talks to his colleagues Ranchu and Farhan. Unable to betray his friends, caught between saving them and letting down his family, Raju opts to commit suicide. However, it was an unanticipated move.
Student stress and suicide
Stress is a common issue in Indian schools. Stress implies mental pressure exerted on the mind of the learners as they make sense of the world around them in school environments. Conditions at schools are different from those of their upbringings. From a social perspective, stress is known to discourage progressive activities. A 2015 research in Kolkata revealed that 63% of learners exhibit stress arising from academic pressures. A stunning 81% reported examination-anxiety stress (Chawla). In India, stress begins during the application to colleges since only a few are usually accepted in the high-rank institutions. Secondly, parents have been discovered to be the other contributors of stress to learners as they exert pressure on their children, with an over-emphasis on academic excellence at the end of their studies. This stress often yields depression, anxiety, and the farthest extremes, suicidal impulses as seen in the film, “The Three Idiots”. At the college level, youths are in their stages of self-realization and are vulnerable to self-destruction when confronted in stressful situations beyond their limits. In real life, the issue of student stress has been debated several times. The Prime Minister, Modi, attempted to help by writing a book advising on how to counter stress.
Lack of resources
Institutions in India lack basic supplies. There is poor infrastructure in India which allows for the prevalence of a poor education system. Mostly, primary schools are deprived of basic resources. There is insufficient electricity coverage in India which makes it harder for schools to implement modern technological systems. Additionally, most schools lack toilet latrines hence exhibiting poor hygiene which impacts directly on the health of both the learners and the teachers. Teachers are also lowly paid because there are scarce resources. Many articles have been written by scholars to address the issue of inadequate supplies. However, it remains to be a problem today. In the Indian film, it is shocking that the best professor in the college is unable to provide standard maternal service for his daughter Pia, who delivers successfully with the help of the genius Rancho. Rancho modifies a sucking machine from local equipment while the professor watches in faith that the delivery works. It is rather questionable how a highly reputable character in society is unable to acquire medical attention for his daughter in the life-threatening process of child delivery.
Conclusion
As seen in the films, India is indeed experiencing a wide range of problems in her education system. However the humorous aspects of the films, it is important to note that they both depict the actual situation of Indian society. Most importantly, the mindset of people has poisoned society by leading people to believe that science is very important in one’s academic life. At the end of the film “The Three Idiots”, all the three friends succeed in their ultimate goals, contrary to what their parents forced them to do. This indicates that most students are dissatisfied with their enrolment in scientific disciplines and have other dreams but unable to pursue them because they prefer not to conflict with their caregivers. The short film gives an insight into what most students really want compared to what they receive from their education systems. It is a clear indication that India has to reform its curriculum and learning protocols to make a better society.
Work cited
Chawla. K. 2018. “Major problems with the Indian education system” Accessed at https://medium.com/@chawlak/major-problems-with-the-indian-education-system-a9fafcf49281
FMF. Nov. 17. 2017 Youtube. “Dear Indian Education System” Indian short film. Accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa-2KbM_cXQ
Kingdon, Geeta G. “”Private schooling in India: Size, nature, and equity-effects.” Economic and Political Weekly (1996): 3306-3314.
Modi. N. “Exam Warriors. Kindle edition.” 2016
The Three Idiots. Dir. Rajkumar Hirani, Aamir Khan, R. Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani, and Omi Vaidya and Abhijat Joshi. Comedy-Drama 2007
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | Aug 2, 2023 | Essays |
Introduction
Workplace incivility is a major setback in the healthcare sector, affecting both the physicians’ welfare as well as the quality of patient care. It is quite unfortunate to note that a profession whose main purpose is to care for people has issues related to taking care of each other. Incivility can be in form of impolite and disrespectful dealings of rumor-mongering and or declining to help a colleague. All of those insult a coworker’s dignity and infringe on the respective guidelines set for every professional to follow. These actions can as well involve mocking, using a disdainful tone, and publicly criticizing someone. The negative effects of incivility can be major and extensive and cause harm not only to the targeted nurses, but also the onlookers, peers, stakeholders, and institutes. If not attended to, it may sometimes advance into threatening circumstances or aggression.
Usually, incivility is not intended for any particular individual or individuals. Nonetheless, it can bring about or lead to harassment and workplace hostility; hence it cannot be described as harmless or trivial. The American Nurses Association recommended that all nurses have the right to work in an environment that does not condone harassment, lateral violence, and fear. Nurses should therefore not be afraid of retaliation for exposing such acts to the management. No matter how hard people try to ignore it, incivility does exist in the nursing world and there needs to be a way to end it. This paper will examine the level of incivility in the healthcare sector and possible ways to solve it.
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Effects of Incivility on a Nurse’s Ability to Make Clinical Judgments
Incivility at the workplace harms someone’s intrinsic feeling of self-respect and assurance which ends up in certain corporal warning signs like headaches, interrupted sleep, and intestinal uneasiness. Those actions may also relate to mental conditions such as increased levels of emotional tension, nervousness, irritability, and despair (American Nurses Association, 2015). According to reports, this increased stress is said to advance to post-traumatic stress disorder or depression. Such effects are likely to worsen medical decision-making to the degree that nurse productivity is largely affected. According to research conducted by the Institute of Safe Medication Practices, it was reported that nurse intimidation often leads to medication errors. Other researchers report that incivility among nurses often leads to increased errors in patient safety, increased incidences of patient falls, administering medicines late, and medication mistakes (Amos, 2013). As such, if incivility decreases a nurse’s confidence and competence, then this can extensively affect the quality of patient care and intervention outcomes.
Nurses often ignore incivility at the workplace because of their lack of knowledge. Incivility also leads to reduced limited workplace commitment among the nursing staff. Incivility at the workplace is also one of the reasons nurses quit or plan to quit the profession. Furthermore, new graduate nurses entering into the healthcare workforce are often met with incivility. This in turn affects their organizational commitment and their ability to make clear judgments with regards to patient care. Most nurses also often display a decrease in job satisfaction hence start absenting themselves from work and this affects’ their ability to deliver the right care to the ailing.
Issues that occur with workplace or clinical site incivility
A workplace filled with incivility often contributes to unhealthy work environments that in turn negatively affect the quality and safety of patient care. Incivility among nurses impacts both the nurse’s drive to work and patients’ safety and intervention outcomes. It often leads to heightened patient undesirable outcomes and their general wellbeing risk (American Nurses Association, 2015). According to recent research, it is reported that any form of disruptive behavior, whether clinician or colleague incivility, has the same effects on patient safety outcomes.
Each one can harbor direct impacts on the noted frequency of undesirable outcomes and nurse-assessment quality. How nurse incivility translates to limited patient safety is often when there exist negative interpersonal communications between nurses and their superiors or physicians; thus efficient communication concerning patient needs and practices starts to be affected (Amos, 2013). In the long run, this leads to a deteriorated care delivery system and heightens the probability of unwanted patient care outcomes.
How the workplace or clinical site communication is affected due to incivility
Effective communication is a key requirement for better patient care and safety. Because of the stressful healthcare workplace, it is no wonder nurses often find themselves communicating in disrespectful and inconsiderate manners. Incivility often negatively impacts close-loop communication channels in the healthcare setting since such negative behaviors usually isolate nurses from each other. If there is no close-loop communication, misinterpretation of information becomes unavoidable hence leading to increased tension in the workplace.
Tension in the workplace is believed to affect effective teamwork behaviors like coordination and performance monitoring (Amos, 2013). Furthermore, such strain is said to often limit team productivity and efficiency. Incivility also detriments the communication process in that if a lot of people are involved in an issue that could have been handled individually, the nurse is likely not to provide the quality of care they are required to.
Initiatives to decrease Workplace Incivility
There are several actions that health care leaders should take to promote civility among nurses. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses clearly states that the nursing profession cannot tolerate violence, bullying, or incivility any longer. The association further adds that knowing that you are a nurse makes you obligated, both legally and ethically, to “promote an ethical environment and culture of civility and kindness, treating colleagues, employees, students, and others with dignity and respect” (American Nurses Association, 2015). It provides for three intervention measures that nurses experiencing incivility can use to address the perpetrators. These are: primary prevention which aims at improving interpersonal and interprofessional relations as well as addressing vulnerabilities; secondary prevention intends on reducing the negative effects of incivility and bullying; and tertiary intervention whose purpose is to minimize the consequences of workplace violence.
As a nurse, one is required to first understand that they are obligated to help develop an ethical and safe environment for everybody they work with and care for. Also, they should acknowledge the fact that they are worthy of and should be accorded the same respectful treatment from fellow workmates (American Nurses Association, 2015). One also needs to let go of the need to gossip about others, shift blame, or isolate others they do not like. Also important is an open, respectful, and clear communication system in which people are ready to listen to each other’s opinions without having to disregard them.
As such, these provisions give practical options for nurses and physicians to help tackle the issue of workplace incivility. Most importantly, nursing managers are expected to establish a working environment where nurses feel empowered and encouraged in the workplace. Healthcare settings are then required to enforce new policies against workplace incivility and create an environment open to educating on the importance of teamwork (Amos, 2013). It is important that training should be offered throughout all the levels of workers in the healthcare environment so that the whole institution can have a sense of civility.
Additionally, the American Association of Critical Care Nurses provides behavior guidelines to be followed by nurse practitioners in a healthcare environment. These guidelines include; effective communication, honest collaboration, efficient decision making, meaningful recognition, appropriate staffing, and authentic leadership (American Nurses Association, 2015). Having all healthcare settings abide by these guidelines, incivility becomes a thing of the past, as communication and effective leadership are key to curbing uncivil behavior among nurses.
Conclusion
Incivility in the healthcare environment not only affects the nurses’ welfare but the patients’ safety as well. Matters concerning communication are also affected by incivility. Incivility has been noted to pose a serious threat to nursing burnout, stress, lack of communication, and deteriorated mental and physical health outcomes. Incivility among nurses has become very prevalent in many healthcare institutions mostly because of the many new graduate nurses entering the field. These incivility incidences need to be directly addressed, and training given concerning the hospital setting, the number of nurses, and the extent of incivility among co-workers. Nurses and all healthcare stakeholders have a duty to identify the different types of workplace incivility and how usual they are in the work setting. It is only through identifying and distinguishing the different forms of nurse incivility that the relevant stakeholders, including the nurses, can collectively develop ways of creating a culture of respect, safety, and effective interpersonal communication.
References
American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements.
Amos, K. S. (2013). Nursing faculty members’ perspectives of faculty-to-faculty workplace incivility among nursing faculty members (Doctoral dissertation).
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
by Herman Bailey | Aug 2, 2023 | Essays |
Company Overview
IBM – International Business Machines Corporation is an international US technology company as well as a consultant based firm with the headquarters in Armonk, New York, US (Maney, 2003). According to Maney (2003), its specialties lives within the marketing of both computer software and hardware, computer peripheral, consultation as well as hosting in problem-solving which include social, computers, as well as technological attributes. According to Killen (1988), IBM was initially known as Computing Tabulating Recording Company when it was created in 1911 in Endicott, then a small and quiet village. Killen (1988) expresses that, the name IBM came as a result of the merger between Computer Scale Company, Tabulating Machine Company as well as international time recording company, thus making the name official in the year 1924. Fortune then ranked IBM as the second largest firm internationally IBM as a firm entails over 435,000 behavior in the organization. Therefore, employees and over 12 research labs across the world, and by this, the company has marked a set record as the greatest number of patents, all through 20 years. According to Maney (2003), IBM has been awarded internationally concerning capitalization, revenue, employees, and market assessment. IBM has been recognized by Forbes and fortune 500, Newsweek for the service to its customer and employees assessment. IBM is the company behind globally desired inventions such as the hard disk drive, ATM (automated teller machine), magnetic stripe card, floppy disk, Watson artificial intelligence as well as SQL. The most recent analysis shows that the project was entirely beneficial. The major areas of expenditure for the project were on transport, the acquisition has been the Kenexa and the SPSS in the year 2012 and 2009 respectively (Hoskins, 2005).
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Perlow (2018) illustrates that, in recent decades, with the start of the technical revolution IBM stamped its authority in sectors such as computing, data storage devices, microprocessors, gaming consoles such us x360, Wii, Sony ps3 and Nintendo, and many more such as the hitherto, numerous electronically operating devices, utilize the IBM powered microchips as well as the processors (Perlow, 2018).
Thomas J Watson stands as a significant part of the firm’s foundation that IBM has had (Killen, 1988). Killen (1988) states that he was the CEO from 1914 to 1956. Killen (1988) further says that Watson had an instinctive style of process development which was linked with unifying the organization structure. He died in 1956 and had since been a legend that was honored as remembered amongst the highly influential as well as greatest salesmen in his century.
In 2011 the firm transcended a number of the other key players within that arena as it succeeded Microsoft with a closure value of 214 billion dollars followed by Microsoft at 213.2 billion dollars (Soltis, 2001). According to Soltis (2001), to guarantee its dominance and enhance its quality and quantity in production IBM acquired the Texas memory system. In the year 2017 according to IBM’s financial report, the company posted revenue of 71.9 billion us dollars and an operating pretax income of 12.9 billion us dollars this is a drop from 2011 in which it cut across all the heavyweights in the technology world (Perlow, 2018).
The current CEO is Virginia ‘Ginny’ Rometty she also doubles as the president and the chair of the CEO board of directors the position she assumed in 2012 (Perlow, 2018). Perlow (2018) mentions that she has moved up the latter from holding several positions at the company from being the vice president as well as the primary firm’s executive for IBM’s marketing as well as sales. Perlow (2018) further states that other than that she has been a senior vice president for the company’s international business services. Moreover, she played a prominent role in ensuring the process of integration of price water houses coopers consulting. James Kavanaugh has been the company vice president since his appointment in early 2015. His responsibility is focused on the overall development as well as the creation of an effective and operational business model that enables IBM to adapt to changes in the market (Lombardo, 2017). Martin Schroeter is the Senior Vice President as well as the firm’s chief financial officer from 2014. He is in charge of the overall financial operations management.
Social issues
In the mid-20th century, IBM became the most admired and famous company to work for. According to Soltis (2001), it had a culture of how to treat employees, and in the late 1960s, the company became the epitome of directions for companies to treat employees as well as pondered on their roles within a community. The culture was referred to as “cradle to grave” Which Soltis (2001) vividly illustrates meant that it literally indicated that the company would go an extra mile ensuring the employee is comfortable throughout his life, and by this, they got loyalty in return. They would offer extravagant festivals for employees together with their individual families, golf courses as well as country clubs where employees could play for free (Kessler, 2016).
Kessler (2016) mentions that this was the period where Thomas Watson was the CEO, and the company had three strong values that they clanged on. But first, he came out with the company motto “THINK” which in it the three values were derived from(Kessler, 2016). Kessler (2016) states that he was vividly passionate about the health care sector. The act of patenting medical innovation across all the levels of the company.
Kessler (2016) points out that, the first value was respect for the individual this policy guaranteed job security as the company never laid-off workers for over seven decades. Kessler (2016) explains that, if the business changes the employees were then forced into adapting to the various changes. According to Soltis (2001), the significant probability of deployment overseas or across the country, landing IBM the nickname amongst employees, “I’ve been moved.” Thomas Watson felt that individuals were more productive when they felt secure about their jobs than when they are not. He felt the level of commitment would rise if people or employees find the company assuring and therefore make a full commitment to them. Maney (2003) mentions that unlike many CEO during this period who were focused on maximizing profit and considering other stakeholders more than the workers Thomas Watson insisted that employees come first before anything else. The second cultural value Watson came with was the best customer service in the world, which focused on ensuring all the employees at all levels work in ensuring they satisfy their customers and lastly excellence. Thus, Watson ensured he had excellent talent, extremely knowledgeable, and innovative staff members who would ensure the company’s long-term success giving the customer the best and successfully achieving the company’s objectives (Kessler, 2016).
Killen (1988) says that it was during the Vietnam War around the 1970s where IBM and other companies began rethinking this model and even opted to build the company where cheaper labor is offered in countries like Mexico. According to Killen (1988), inflation hit the nation terrible that corporate that had started emulating IBM together with IBM itself shifted from focusing on employees to considering profitability and sustainability of their corporate business. At around the 1980s, IBM was running out of cash from the competition from other PC manufacturers, and this led to the hiring of Louis V. Gerstner (Killen,1988).
Therefore, Maney (2003) explains that to get the company back Gerstner had to do away with the values instilled by Watson. In his first speech, he described his strategy as a robust minded market-driven strategy that will guarantee the company performance in the marketplace and shareholder value (Maney, 2003). With this in mind in 1993, IBM laid off over sixty thousand employees.
Current practice
Thomas J Watson’s values were rerouted and changed in 2003 with the current corporate culture being: thinking radically, dedicated to achieving client’s success, innovating to what matters, and finally, personal responsibility as well as trust in all relationships (Lombardo, 2017). Lombardo (2017) states that with the new organizational culture the managers constantly encourage their employees to particularly engage in thoughts that would cause a disruption to the status quo and thus, lead to the technological background. It is based on this radical thinking that IBM system/360 was introduced. Lombardo (2017) expresses that, in regards to dedication to every client’s success, employees are guided to enhance and maintain the significant quality of customer service with aim of addressing technological needs. Innovation that matters culture emphasizes innovation that meets market demand the one that would ensure several benefits for long periods of time to their clients in the sense of presenting solutions to their business issues. And finally, on trust and personal responsibility in all relationships, IBM looks at it as a way of boosting high morale in employees and stronger alliances with business partners (Lombardo, 2017).
Lombardo (2017) points out that, international marketing and could definitely affect the process of marketing adversely. The constraint of language and culture might appear to be more of the same as the original one introduced by Watson. However, according to Lombardo (2017), there is a shift from focusing on employee’s welfare to put more emphasis on innovation, creativity, and customer service
The recent social issue at IBM was the relocation of the employees who worked remotely from home to the offices located in Boston, New York, Atlanta, San Francisco, Raleigh, and Austin(Lombardo,2017). As per Perlow (2018), this decision was made in 2017 by Peluso who is IBM’s chief marketing officer who in her view the company would be more successful when they work together in a conducive creative environment. Lombardo (2017) states that the decision affected over 2600 employees in the marketing department. Lombardo (2017) firmly insists that this particular decision was very devastating to the employees as those who worked in a different location from the five mentioned were given an option of moving or looking for another job.
According to Carroll (1994), this is the company who had embraced working remotely for decades and from the early 1980s, IBM had successfully installed several “remote terminals” in a reasonable percentage of their employees’ home. It is noted in 2009 when most people preferred working remotely 40% of the firm’s global employees were already working remotely(Edwards, 2018). By this IBM saved around $100 million annually as working remotely reduced the office space by 78 million square feet. Hoskins (2005) points out that, IBM department of marketing efficiently established small startups without the need to the relocation of their employees to the central working firm’s offices as they were working remotely. Brito (2011) states that from the interviews conducted on employees they expressed dissatisfaction while some were extremely furious and stated that they would look for other jobs. Furthermore, according to Brito (2011), others swore not to contribute to the long-term projects of the company because these changes made them fear that they would lose their jobs shortly.
According to the Gallup poll, an estimated 25% of the nation’s employees work either full time or part-time remotely. Hoskins (2005) expresses that, with technology such as video-conferencing and slack moved to the cloud, remote working has been made easy as the employees still stay in touch. This research further notes that the remote workers put in more hours than the ones working within the offices and hence they are more productive. Furthermore, Perlow (2018) mentions that relocation would also destabilize the families as the employees whose families had settled in the current location and are in school would be forced to change the schools and start afresh in a new city where they were not familiarized.
Kessler (2016) points out that, the current strategy is totally contrary to the company’s founding principal and culture initiated by Thomas Watson. Which looked mostly into employee’s welfare. Drop-in revenue can be associated with many other factors including competition but job security and the level of motivation at work have also played a major role (Edwards, 2018). The loyalty and rapport established by Watson is now a gone case, and this is key to the reduction in productivity of the employees (Edwards, 2018).
Background research and analysis
Even though it has been proven that when employees work together, the rate of innovation increases and hence productivity. IBM could have offered an incentive that would encourage employees to prefer working in the office (Soltis, 2001). Companies like Facebook and Apple make around a million per employee as compared to IBM which the rate is about 0,000 for each employee, and this is according to San Francisco State University Professor of Management who specializes in human resource management, Professor John Sullivan. He goes ahead and states that remote working in the current market is not as productive as it was in the early 80s and 90s. He observed that in the current market the value of innovation trounce any productivity gain and team proximity has a hand In helping to foster better new ideas. According to Edwards (2018), a study conducted by Harvard also found out that there were more impactful papers produced by researchers who worked in proximity. Edwards (2018) further points out that, another report on employee interactions argued that employees who are presented with a range of opportunities, as well as unexpected interactions, perform significantly better. Most of the key technology companies have embraced this idea, for instance, Steve Jobs was obsessed with the creation of unexpected meetings to the extent of proposing that all the bathrooms b on one side of the Pixar office to encourage interactions.
Facebook, on the other hand, gives employees living close to the firm’s headquarters an incentive of a bonus of $10,000 (Edwards, 2018). The famous Tech office perks located in Silicon Valley keep employees in the office by offering a free spread of foodborne disease. Part 9. Washing and drying of hands to reduce microbial contamination. Journal of food and laundry services. Lombardo (2017) mentions that Yahoo is also among the companies that ended working remotely in 2013 when Marissa Mayer made that decision.
These examples show how this company ended the remote working. As per Perlow (2018), it was humanly and the introduction process to change was gradual therefore it faced less resistance. Change and resistance to change in an organization are inevitable according to Kessler (2016), resistance to change is classified into individual and organizational resilience. In the case of IBM, both kinds of resistance must have been witnessed. Kessler (2016) explains that, the individual resistance by the employees who considered the change, from remote to the office, as a habitual threat, economic condition as well as security and organizational resilience resulting from the fear of significantly losing expertise, power, as well as resources control, structural inertia and group inertia. Thus, to overcome the resistance collaboration and teamwork are vital.
Conclusion and recommendation
Over the years IBM learned that culture could not only be regarded as a tool of management. They have come to look at it as essential. It is evident that employee makes the better and right decision not influenced by orders from their employer but because they have knowledge on making the better decision. When this culture is nurtured, the organization can be guided through centuries while this culture is preserved.
IBM’s organizational culture s focused on motivating employees to a creative approach to problems and challenges. Radical thinking is feted for creativity and is seen as a critical factor in the information technology business. A good example is based on these cultural characteristics where employees are urged to acknowledge their individual and specific responsibilities rationally tackling solvable issues thus contributing to business growth
On the other hand, it has the shortcoming of significantly limited support for the firm’s flexibility in the business processes in IBM as a firm corporate culture. This issue has its base in innovation and excellence. Employees might be seen to have significant flexibility within their particular jobs however this lack of rigidness does not automatically translate to the flexibility of the various firm’s processes employees are involved in. When observed keenly, it’s evident that IBM culture lacks the official support essential for both self-correction and self-checking of departments and groups in the firm. For instance, IBM does not adequately address mistakes associated with challenges as well as obstacles in the information technology industry because the company does not provide formal support to the teams, groups, and department to tackle such issues
I recommend the following in a way to improve the IBM corporate culture. First of all, would be to increase the flexibility of business processes by implementing a cultural trait. Secondly, it would be significantly favorable if the company assimilated self-correction as well as self-checking within the education and schooling. Schools do bring together individuals from the different socioeconomic and cultural character of trust as well as individual accountability in relationships. Therefore, building strong and loyal relationships particularly between the employers and employees, enable a higher and reliable level of growth for the company as a whole.
References
Brito, M. (2011). IBM Case Study: A lesson in Social Business Transformation. Social Business Blog | Michael Brito.
Carroll, P. (1994). Big blues: The unmaking of IBM. London: Orion.
Edwards, H. (2018). What the US post office really gets from Amazon. Quartz. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://qz.com/1247302/what-the-us-post-office-really-gets-from-amazon/http://www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Organizational%20Behavior/OB-DS21.htm
Employee Training Isn’t What It Used To Be. (2015). theatlantic.com. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from http://www.theatlantic.com/sponsored/ibm-transformation/employee-training-isnt-what-it-used-to-be/249/http://www.theatlantic.com/sponsored/ibm-transformation/employee-training-isnt-what-it-used-to-be/249/
Hoskins, J. (2005). IBM on-demand technology for the growing business: Building a flexible infrastructure for today and tomorrow. Gulf Breeze, Fla: Maximum Press.
IBM About IBM – United States. (2015). Ibm.com. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.ibm.com/ibm/us/en/?lnk=fab
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Kessler, S. (2016). IBM, a remote-work pioneer, is calling thousands of employees back to the office. Quartz. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://qz.com/924167/ibm-remote-work-pioneer-is-calling-thousands-of-employees-back-to-the-office/https://www.marketplace.org/2016/06/08/world/profit-ibm
Killen, M. (1988). IBM, the making of the common view. Boston: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Lombardo, J. (2017). IBM’s Organizational Culture & Radical Thinking – Panmure Institute. Panmure Institute. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from http://panmore.com/ibm-organizational-culture-radical-thinking
Maney, K. (2003). The maverick and his machine: Thomas Watson, Sr., and the making of IBM. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
Perlow, J. (2018). I used to be with IBM, now I work for Microsoft | ZDNet. ZDNet. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from https://www.zdnet.com/article/i-used-to-be-with-ibm-now-i-work-for-microsoft/https://www.fastcompany.com/40442966/why-ibm-pays-its-employees-to-take-time-off-to-tackle-the-worlds-problems
Soltis, F. G. (2001). Fortress Rochester: The inside story of the IBM iSeries. Loveland, CO: NEWS/400 Books.
With a student-centered approach, I create engaging and informative blog posts that tackle relevant topics for students. My content aims to equip students with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed academically and beyond.
