What is an Essay Outline?
Writing a good essay requires you to come up with a good outline.
An essay outline is more like a rough draft of the actual essay or the essay’s skeleton.
It is your academic paper’s plan or any essay’s main foundation block.
You might get stuck or run out of content to write halfway through your essay without a good outline.
In essence, an outline helps with the structure of your essay.
More importantly, it helps you flow information and organize your points as you write.
Therefore, it helps you to stay focused and not stray from your original ideas.
However, it should be flexible to accommodate new information.
With an outline, you will clearly understand how the paper will go and the transition of ideas.
As such, an outline is one of the best tools if you do not want to run out of ideas when writing.
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How to Write an Essay Outline?
An outline helps you pen down all the ideas you can use in the essay. This ensures that you have all the points handy when you sit down to write the essay. Here is how you can easily write an outline:
- Pick a topic according to your interest.
- Conduct preliminary research on the topic as much as possible.
- Understand the target audience.
- Determine the type of essay.
- Look at each piece of information that you have collected.
- Group your ideas in different paragraphs.
Essay Outline Format
Another important step before starting to write your essay is to understand the outline or the structure of an outline.
It is essential for effective writing as it gives your writing a smooth flow and enables the reader to easily understand your point of view.
Whatever the essay type, be it a narrative, persuasive, descriptive, or expository essay, it is best to follow the common structure of a five-paragraph essay structure.
This will include an introductory paragraph introducing the topic as a thesis statement and some argument or story.
Three-body paragraphs that will defend the thesis statement or argument with supporting material such as examples or statistics.
Lastly, the conclusion paragraph concludes the whole argument by stating its significance and giving your opinions or suggestions.
Let us discuss these parts of a generic outline in detail:
Introduction
Your introduction section will depend on the type of essay you are writing.
For instance, if you are writing an informative or persuasive essay, you will give your readers some context through the background information about the topic.
This will be an overview of the topic, which you will gradually narrow down to the thesis statement of your essay.
You will have to prove this thesis statement in the later paragraphs. Therefore, it should be based on some facts.
Thus your thesis statement will serve different purposes depending on your choice of essay type.
Body Paragraphs:
The body paragraph is the information-rich part of your writing.
These also provide content in different styles depending on the type of essay you are writing.
For instance, in an informative or persuasive essay, your body paragraphs will include information, facts, and logic to support your thesis statement or persuade your readers.
But in an argumentative essay, body paragraphs will defend your thesis or point of view.
In short, body paragraphs prove the validity of your opinion with the support of the researched outside information.
In creative writing, the body paragraphs will gradually move the story from its initial phase to the last moment going through different phases like falling action, rising action, climax, and anticlimax or denouement.
It does not relate these to the thesis, but the words and symbols make these narrative levels clear.
Conclusion:
The conclusion is very crucial to any writing as it wraps up the whole argument and puts an end that satisfies the whole discussion.
In a persuasive and expository essay, it is better to restate the thesis using different words and thus finalize its validity.
It proves you to be an apt writer as you explain the overall significance of your argument and validate the value of your side of the argument.
In creative writing, the information given in the body is explored.
In other words, you explain the significance of your written piece in your conclusion without directly stating it.
This can be done by explaining the effect of the ending on certain characters. Thus readers can infer the theme portrayed by the writer.
Quick Essay Outline Sample
Topic
Introduction
Hook Statement/ thesis statement
Background Information and Context;
Thesis Statement/ hook statement
3. Body Paragraph 1/2/3
Topic Sentence (Shift of idea from the previous paragraph )
Claim (the argument put forward)
Evidence (Information added from outside sources to support your point of view, i.e., claim)
Explanation ( explaining evidence to defend the claim )
Concluding Sentence ( wrapping up of Argument in Paragraph )
4. Conclusion
Rephrasing Thesis Statement
Restating Main Arguments (1,2,3)
Overall Concluding Statement (giving Significance)
You can use this template for argumentative and persuasive essays as a reference.
Importance of Essay Outline
- The main purpose of the outline is to plan the structure of the essay. It helps to focus on the most important parts of the essay and develop them in a proper sequence.
- An outline will also help you organize your main ideas and determine the order in which you will write about them. An outline is a very effective way to think through how you will organize and present the information in your essay.
- Using an outline helps you organize your thoughts from beginning to end and ensures you don’t leave any important parts out of the middle. These outlines do not have anything written; they just help you structure your ideas and thoughts logically to build toward a meaningful and strong conclusion.
Examples of Essay Outlines / Types of Essay Outlines
Before you start writing an outline, you must know the different types of outlines you can use. It is important to choose the one that is most appropriate for your research paper. These are:
1. Informative Essay Outline
An informative essay, also known as an expository essay, is a type of writing in which the writer researches a topic and presents coherent ideas to the reader. The main objective of this type of essay is to inform readers by presenting them with new information.
An informative essay educates the reader about a topic. You’ll need to know a good deal about your subject and convey information clearly and organized.
Informative Essay Outline Format
This outline will guide students through their next informative essay.
I. Introduction
A. Hook
B. Background information (define key terms)
C. Thesis
II. Body Paragraph 1
A. Topic sentence
B. Evidence 1 (including citation)
C. Evidence 2 (including citation)
III. Body Paragraph 2
A. Topic sentence
B. Evidence 1 (including citation)
C. Evidence 2 (including citation)
IV. Body Paragraph 3
A. Topic sentence
B. Evidence 1 (including citation)
C. Evidence 2 (including citation)
IV.Conclusion (restate the thesis statement and summarize the main ideas of the essay)
Use this informative outline to organize your ideas.
Blank Informative Essay Outline Template Sample2. Narrative Essay Outline
A narrative essay tells a story. It can be an interesting story, a realistic story, or a scary story. The author writes it from his point of view, so the events are told through his eyes and actions. The purpose of a narrative essay is to tell the reader about events, interactions, and experiences that have happened to the author during a particular time frame. It always has a vivid plot.
A narrative essay uses all the story elements — a beginning, middle, and ending, as well as plot, characters, setting, and climax — bringing them together to complete the story. The focus of a narrative essay is the plot, which is told with enough detail to build to a climax.
Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay Outline
Topic
Introduction
Hook Statement (Intrigue the reader)
Set Up The Scene/ Context by giving background information.
Thesis Statement
2. Body Paragraphs
Beginning Action → Rising Action → Falling Action (Paragraph 1→ 2 → 3)
Use picaresque words
Follow the Linear Progression of events by displaying the passage of time
Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of the events
3. Conclusion
Analyze and Reflect on the action.
Explain the significance of the story’s theme!
Relate the theme to the real world.
For Narrative Writing, all you need to do is keep the plot in motion and be very careful and particular in the intro and conclusion so as not to lose the flow of the narrative!
Polishing Up!
Before you submit your essay, you must polish it and make it presentable. You can make your essay a perfect piece by following a few simple steps.
The Break Rule:
After you finish writing your essay, take a break to refresh yourself.
Take a break for at least 24 hours and give yourself time to refresh your brain.
Proofreading and editing should not be done immediately, as writing is mentally tiring.
So you must enjoy and refresh your brain to complete the last step of proofreading and editing the essay.
Proofreading and Editing:
When you take at least a 24-hour break, go for the grammar and spelling check and correct mistakes.
This includes punctuation, use of contractions as well as sentence structure. Then you can further improve your essay by improving the vocabulary and removing repetitive phrases.
The sentences you use should make logical sense and flow smoothly. The essay should be a coherent whole.
Use transition words to connect the different ideas and thoughts. Your essay should be simple, easy to read and understand.
Peer Editing:
Ask your peers to reread and edit the piece for you.
This will confirm that your paper is a well-written piece.
The more people read your essay, the more confident you will be about the quality of your work, making it understandable.
This is the last step that completes your essay.
Use this narrative outline to organize your ideas.
Narrative Essay OutlineCompare and Contrast Essay Outline
A compare and contrast essay is a piece of writing that shows likeness and differences among characters, places, concepts, ideas, or other elements. It analyzes them critically to find out and highlight their similarities and dissimilarities.
Compare and contrast essays detail the differences and similarities between these two elements. A compare and contrast writing is based on an in-depth analysis of two or more objects and their practical findings.
To write a compare and contrast essay, you must gather evidence and present a well-reasoned argument on a debatable issue. You want to take two things and discuss both the similarities and the differences between them. For example, if you wanted to focus on contrasting two subjects, you would not pick apples and oranges; rather, you might choose to compare and contrast two oranges or apples to highlight subtle differences. For example, Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic. Similarly, Braeburn apples are crisp and juicy, while Gala apples are very soft.
Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Format
duction
Introduction to the broad topic
Specific topic
Thesis statement
Body Paragraphs
Body paragraph #1—First aspect that’s similar or different
Subject #1
Detail #1
Detail #2
Subject #2
Detail #1
Detail #2
Body paragraph #2—Second aspect that’s similar or different
Subject #1
Detail #1
Detail #2
Subject #2
Detail #1
Detail #2
Body paragraph #3—Third aspect that’s similar or different
Subject #1
Detail #1
Detail #2
Subject #2
Detail #1
Detail #2
Conclusion
Summary of main points—Restate the thesis statement while synthesizing information from body paragraphs.
Evaluate the similarities/differences and discuss any future implications (if applicable)
Significance—what’s the point you’re making?
Use this compare-and-contrast outline to organize your ideas.
compare-and-contrast-essay-outlineArgumentative Essay Outline
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing where you present your point of view on a certain subject, supported by evidence and arguments.
To write an argumentative essay, you should use proper arguments and convincing language to persuade the readers that your point of view is more valid than other positions.
An argument is a reasoned opinion supported and explained by evidence. In an argumentative essay, you should focus on presenting and defending a claim rather than explaining the claim. An argumentative essay is usually written in the third person.
An argumentative essay presents both sides of an issue. However, it presents one side more positively or meticulously than the other so that readers can be swayed to the one the author intends. The purpose of this type of essay is to convince a reader rather than to inform.
Argumentative Essay Outline Format
Introductory Paragraph
– Attention getter
– Background information on the topic
– Thesis statement (argumentative thesis)
Body Paragraphs
– Topic sentence explaining the main idea of the paragraph
– Evidence to support your topic sentence and thesis statement (research)
– Analysis of how the evidence connects to your claim and why it supports your argument (analysis and connection)
Conclusion Paragraph
– Restate your thesis statement (the argumentative claim) in different words.
– Summarize your key points.
– End with a clincher.
Use this argumentative outline to organize your ideas.
Free Argumentative Essay OutlinePersuasive Essay Outline
A persuasive essay is used to convince a reader about a particularly good idea or focus you believe in. Your persuasive essay could be based on anything you have an opinion about.
This type of paper differs from others because you need to use your opinion to make an argument. Your point of view matters and other people should be convinced it is true.
To write a persuasive essay, you must know your audience and which arguments they will respond to. Suppose you can try to find out what your audience believes so that you can consider their beliefs. Remember that not everyone will agree with your point of view and that some people may be against what you have to say. Writing a persuasive essay means convincing someone about something using reasons, facts, and other things supporting your opinion.
Persuasive Essay Outline Format (5-paragraph essay)
1) Introduction paragraph:
Get the reader’s attention by using a “hook.” Pull your audience in!
Quote, Fact, or something interesting to start an essay
Give some background information about the topic. Would you please explain what the topic is and why it is controversial or important to you?
Thesis or focus statement (MUST BE STATED in the LAST sentence of your introduction paragraph).
This sentence states your opinion about the topic and will be proven in the rest of your essay with three strong reasons and support.
Example: I am in favor of ____________ because ____________, ______________, and ___________.
Example: I am against _____________because _____________, _____________, and ___________.
2) Body Paragraphs:
(1st body paragraph)
First argument or reason to support your position
A topic sentence explaining your first reason.
Example: My first reason for being against ___________ is __________________________.
Provide support/evidence to prove your first reason with facts, data, examples, etc.
(2nd body paragraph)
Second argument or reason to support your position.
A topic sentence explains your second reason.
Example: Another reason I do not support _____________is _______________.
Support your second reason with facts, data, examples, etc.
(3rd body paragraph)
Counter argument and third reason to support position.
State what the other side believes or may argue
Example: Some may argue _______________
Challenge their argument with your third reason and provide support.
Example: but I disagree because _____________.
Give support such as facts, data, examples, etc., explaining why your opinion is right and the other side is not right.
Conclusion Paragraph:
Sum up your main points and three reasons.
Restate your thesis.
Example: I am strongly against ______________.
Final words: last comments or call to action. Encourage the reader to agree and take your side on the issue.
Use this persuasive outline to organize your ideas.
persuasive-essay-outline1Expository Essay Outline
An expository essay is a writing where the writer presents opinions, points of view, ideas, concepts, and arguments on a particular topic. It is usually a formal piece of writing with an introduction, a discussion, and a conclusion.
Expository Essays are often written in response to a prompt that asks the writer to expose or explain a specific topic. Essay questions on tests are normally written to prompt an essay in this very style and may look like the following:
Describe the causes of the American Civil War.
Explain what your favorite means of travel is and why.
An expository essay provides an explanation or information about something through factual data. Facts can be further explained by using clear and concise ideas. Towards the end of the expository essay, the writer should be able to build an argument out of the facts provided gradually.
Expository Essay Structure Outline
Introduction
1. Begin with a hook. Tell a detailed story that pulls the reader in. The story should relate to the thesis statement of your essay in some way.
2. Tie-in – This is a sentence (or a few complete sentences) that links your hook to your essay’s thesis.
3. Thesis statement – This sentence is typically the last sentence of the introduction. It responds to the prompt and provides the main idea of the entire essay. The thesis statement should NOT include three supporting reasons. Sample thesis statement for the prompt “What is your favorite time of the year?”: “Without a doubt, Thanksgiving is my favorite time of the year.”
Body Paragraph 1
1. Begin with a topic sentence – The topic sentence provides the direction for the entire paragraph and should include one reason/example supporting your thesis statement. For example, with the prompt and thesis statement mentioned above, an appropriate topic sentence for body paragraph one might be “Undoubtedly, I eat better on Thanksgiving than any other time of the year.”
2. Extension sentence – This sentence further clarifies the idea presented in the topic sentence. It lets you start moving into the details you will develop in the paragraph.
3. Details – Provide detailed examples that support the idea you presented in your topic sentence. Personal anecdotes provide excellent details.
4. Closing sentence – This is the last sentence of the paragraph and should summarize the main idea or put a finishing thought to it.
Body Paragraph 2
1. Transition – This should summarize the main idea from the previous paragraph and lead to the new idea for this paragraph. Note that this also serves as the topic sentence for this paragraph with a new supporting reason. Possible transition structures include:
Not only do I eat like a king on Thanksgiving, but I also get to spend precious moments with family members I rarely see.
Besides eating like a king on Thanksgiving, I also spend precious moments with family members I rarely see.
Eating well on Thanksgiving is only the beginning; I also spend precious moments with family members I rarely see.
While eating well on Thanksgiving is a pleasure, the precious moments I get to spend with family members I rarely see are even more important.
2. The rest of Body Paragraph 2 follows the same structure as Body Paragraph 1
Body Paragraph 3
1. The most important supporting detail/reason should be reserved for this paragraph to end your essay with a bang. Ways to transition to this last idea include:
Above all else, Thanksgiving is a time I get to show my gratitude for everything I have.
Most significantly, Thanksgiving is a time I get to show my gratitude for everything I have.
2. The rest of Body Paragraph 2 follows the same structure as Body Paragraph 1
Conclusion
1. Restate/summarize your three supporting reasons/examples from each topic sentence. Example:
I savor every bite of the food I eat on Thanksgiving. Also, I appreciate the opportunity to spend quality time with my family and show gratitude for everything I have.
2. Link back to your story in the hook and finish it up.
3. Restate your thesis statement using different words.
Use this expository outline to organize your ideas.
expository-essay-outlineReflective Essay Outline
A reflective essay is a piece of academic writing aiming to examine, observe, and describe the progress of the writer’s individual experience. When writing your essay, remember to focus on a deeper look at yourself, on your inner emotions, rather than the event itself.
A reflective essay always aims to introduce the reader to interesting moments from the writer’s life and fix attention to feelings about a certain issue. The point is that it should convey meaning and be an instructive story.
The format of a reflective essay greatly differs from an argumentative or research paper. A reflective essay is more of a well-structured story or a diary entry rife with insight and reflection. You might be required to arrange your essay using the APA style or the MLA format. The use of the first person pronoun ‘I’ is welcomed. Do not abuse this guideline! Though it is welcomed, it is not necessary.
Reflective Essay Outline Format
Introduction
Hook—give a quick preview of the most exciting part of that story
Thesis Statement—without giving too much away, write how this experience influenced you.
Body Paragraph 1
Description of an influential person, place, or event
Body Paragraph 2
The effect of the person, place, or event had on you at the time
Body Paragraph 3
Lesson learned from reflecting on a person, place, or event
Conclusion
Summary of the experience
Overall impact/lesson learned
Use this reflective outline to organize your ideas.
reflective-narrative-essay-outline-1Cause and Effect Essay Outline
A cause-and-effect essay explains why the event or the situation occurs (causes) and its results (effects). A curriculum usually includes this exercise to test your ability to understand the logic of certain events or actions. If you can see the logic behind cause and effect in the world around you, you will better understand how the world works.
A cause-and-effect essay helps readers understand why something happened or is happening or shows readers how a situation will unfold. In other words, it answers questions such as “Why?” (the reason for something) and “What happens next?” (the consequences). Cause-and-effect essays examine causes, describe effects, or do both.
When writing a cause-and-effect essay, you should be sure that you have researched the specific causes and are confident that you’re demonstrating why they lead to particular results. In other words, ensure your ideas are logically related and effectively arranged.
It is important to note that this type of essay needs to be fairly objective as its aim is not to persuade readers to think in a certain way but to provide information on objective facts. In other words, your point should be supported with facts and pieces of evidence, not with your thoughts on the subject.
Sample cause and effect essay format
1. Introduction
Attention grabber
Basic information about the topic
Thesis statement (indicate what the essay will be about causes, effects, or both)
2. Body paragraph I
Topic sentence (indicates causes, effects, or both)
Cause 1/effect 1 (detailed explanation with examples)
3. Body paragraph II
Topic sentence (indicates causes, effects, or both)
Cause 2/effect 2 (detailed explanation with examples)
4. Body paragraph III
Topic sentence (indicates causes, effects, or both)
Cause 3/effect 3 (detailed explanation with examples)
5. Conclusion
Restating the thesis statement
Reminding the reader of the main points
Concluding sentence
This essay template outline will help you structure your essay and create a good flow and link between the causes.
cause-and-effect-essay-outlineResearch Essay Outline
A research essay is a form of writing that requires the writer to investigate a topic and gather, generate, and evaluate evidence. The evidence can e researched and gathered from library books, journals, youtube, and web pages. The writer then writes about the topic by introducing their findings in an organized way, including thoughts and ideas based on the information they gathered during their investigation.
A research essay outline journey reports facts, data, and other information on a specific topic. It’s a research essay because you research your subject before writing it. Unlike an expository essay, which only requires you to examine and report the facts you find, a research essay requires you to form an opinion about a subject, then support that opinion with information from primary and secondary sources.
A research paper differs from a research proposal (also known as a prospectus), although the writing process is similar. Research papers are intended to demonstrate a student’s academic knowledge of a subject. A proposal is a persuasive piece meant to convince its audience of the value of a research project. Think of the proposal as the pitch and the paper as the finished product.
Research papers are similar to academic essays but are usually longer and more detailed assignments designed to assess your writing and scholarly research skills.
Research Essay Outline Format
1. Introduction:
a. Hook statement
b. Background/context
c. Thesis statement
2. Body Paragraph:
a. First Argument (topic sentence)
i. Research/evidence to support the argument
ii. Analysis of evidence
b. Second Argument (topic sentence)
i. Research/evidence to support the argument
ii. Analysis of evidence
c. Third Argument (topic sentence)
i. Research/evidence to support the argument
ii. Analysis of evidence
3. Conclusion:
a. Restate thesis statement
b. Summarize the main arguments and their evidence
Use this research outline to organize your ideas.
Sample Research Essay OutlineLiterary Analysis Essay Outline
A literary analysis essay is an argumentative analysis that carefully examines a piece of literature by looking at the story’s characters, theme, tone, setting, plot, and other literary devices used to narrate the story. It encourages readers to consider how and why a novel, poem, or play was written. It is meant to analyze a key element in the literature; thus, you should refrain from writing a paper explaining every point of the story’s plot. An argument can be raised by looking at certain characters or deciding to write about conflicts in the story.
Although a quick synopsis of the essay is needed within the argument of a literary analysis, the objective is not to write a report about a book or story. Instead, a literary analysis discusses a writer’s interpretation of a text through careful examination of the author’s choices within the text: word choice, main themes, motifs/symbols, character development, structure, imagery, etc. A literary analysis is not merely a summary or review; it discusses opinions and reasoning to prove an original thesis.
Literary Analysis Essay Outline Format
Introduction
Introduce the Title of the Piece and the Author’s Name.
Give sufficient background on the piece, but don’t give too much detail so that you spoil the surprise for the reader.
Give your thesis statement (what your paper will explain or argue and the main points)
Body Paragraphs
Topic Sentence: Begin with a topic sentence that supports your thesis statement.
Points: list three key points that support your topic sentence.
Evidence: include textual evidence (quotes from your reading) that supports each point. ~~~Explain why this is evidence and how it supports your point~~~.
Closing Sentence: Reparate your paragraph by referring to your topic sentence. ~~~This is where you go beyond just repeating what your evidence says and makes a connection for the reader about how this evidence is important to the broader argument of your paper.~~~
Body Paragraphs 2, 3, etc. (repeat as needed)
Conclusion
Restate your thesis statement. Do not copy it word for word, but put it in different wording. Now is where you show what you learned from writing this paper.
List all of the main points from your body paragraphs and briefly describe/explain how each point.
Use this literary analysis essay outline to organize your ideas.
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Sample College Research Paper Outline DownloadFinal Thought
An outline is widely used in literature or writing. It helps the writer to organize their ideas and arguments. Outlining is an organized way of writing. It helps the writer become more efficient and easy to perform again.
While plenty of options exist for students who need to write an outline, it cannot be very clear when deciding which one you should use. Thankfully, many free outlines are available, and the templates above showcase some of the best we have found.
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Frequently Asked Questions
When do I need to write an essay outline?
You will sometimes be asked to hand in an outline before you start writing your essay. Your supervisor wants to see that you have a clear idea of your structure so that writing will go smoothly.
Even when you do not have to hand it in, writing an outline is essential to the writing process. Writing one (as informally as you like) clarifies your structure when you are working on an essay.
Should I use full sentences in my essay outline?
If you have to hand in your outline, you may be given specific guidelines stating whether you must use complete sentences. If you’re not sure, ask your supervisor.
When writing an outline for yourself, the choice is yours. Some students find writing their ideas in full sentences helpful, while others prefer summarizing them in short, numbered sentences.
Do I have to stick to my essay outline as I write?
You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay. However, departing from your outline is okay if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could improve. Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.
With a deep understanding of the student experience, I craft blog content that resonates with young learners. My articles offer practical advice and actionable strategies to help students achieve a healthy and successful academic life.
