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Embracing the Art and Science of Surgery

by | May 23, 2023 | Essays | 0 comments

Personal Statement For Medical School

I sensed that I wanted to fight against avoidable death for the first time at 12, looking at my granddad dying of an undiagnosed diabetic coma.

Two years later, I was invited to a class majoring in biology at one of the top Moscow high schools. Most courses were taught by professors of Moscow State University, which implanted critical thinking and research skills into my brain. For course projects, I studied birch leaf variability using geometric morphometry, some ecological features of hamsters and differences in response to exercises between genders. These years were challenging, but the school helped me to nail basic sciences at medical university.

 

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Entering medical school, I was not aware of my future speciality. Although, I had reservations just for a couple of months. I still vividly remember my first meeting with the student research group of the largest Russian centre for cardiovascular surgery. That day in neonatal cardiac ICU, I realized the tremendous amount of knowledge and skills I am to achieve before I take responsibility for the health and life of others. I stuck on big surgery and got so motivated that, a year later, I managed to achieve a level of understanding enough to make a presentation on the student section of all-Russian meetings of cardiac surgeons. In the same year, I began volunteering in the thoracic OR of one large local hospital. I learned most adult cardiac and thoracic procedures protocols in those three years. In the evenings, I peered at recordings of operations, analyzing them frame by frame.

As a third-year student, I carried thin rubber tubes, sutures and instruments. I guess I looked weird buying a few pounds of porcine hearts to practice anastomoses. From time to time, I scrubbed in for experiments in the animal facility and assisted in transmyocardial laser revascularization procedures. It was tricky to mark tiny burns with epicardial prolene 7/0 sutures in off-pump settings. I believe my fine motor skills benefited from intensive piano lessons during my childhood. I got to be born pitch-perfect, and my parents dreamed of raising a new Van Cliburn. I have a photo of myself, five years old, playing the grand piano in Moscow Conservatory. Thank God my parents quit my musical career, and I became a doctor.

I have always had good luck with my teachers. They nurtured my medical judgement in line with an evidence-based approach. Indeed, medicine is an art to some degree, but you need years of experience to make sense of it. Therefore, it is reasonable for the young doctor to rely on guidelines with proven efficacy rather than on diagnostic acumen or sixth sense. Training of high-quality physical examination and history taking is a centuries-old tradition of our medical school. In a few years of exposure to clinical surgery, I learnt that “big preparing means small surgery” and vice versa.

I enjoy serving my patients even with my non-medical skills. I will always remember a 33 years old gentleman suffering from malignant thymoma with extensive local invasion, complicated with superior vena cava syndrome. I want to think that my enthusiasm for medical imaging and 3D modelling helped to design a radical resection. To me, the ultimate reward is to be warmly thanked, even for little things, like redressing your patient by yourself on a day off.

I have a passion for coming up with solutions to non-trivial problems. Thus, investigating intracardiac hemodynamics at Bakulev Center, we invented a precise and robust method of trabecular meshwork measurements for a left ventricular cavity. And this year, I had the luck to spend a few months in Baltimore studying big hospitalizations data, so I decided to get familiar with statistical language R and wrote some scripts for automatic trend analyses.

Surgery is the unique blend of clinical medicine, fundamental science, innovative technologies and the inimitable drive of the OR. Our speciality requires wide medical knowledge and erudition in related areas but allows you to focus on some problems simultaneously. For the year of surgical internship, I have assured myself that my choice is the best on all counts. Last year I lived a dream – to get high-quality training in the U.S. I will make all possible efforts to become an excellent surgeon and perhaps contribute to science. I would love to be in a thoracic or vascular fellowship for five years.

The program they will match me to will receive a vigorous, motivated and compassionate team player eager to help his patients and colleagues.

I have found myself; now it’s time to create myself.

5/5 - (4 votes)

Exploring the Impact of Reading Misconceptions on Education

by | May 23, 2023 | Essays | 0 comments

The only good company of books summary 

In The Lonely Good Company of Books by Richard Rodriguez shares his learning experience. He talks about factors that influenced his reading passion from the time he was a small boy and his major purpose for reading which was for the honor. With time questioning the significance of his actions since he implies that he did not understand the relevance or the value of reading his only consolation was that it bettered his education. Later he realized his mistake that teachers had failed to pinpoint.

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Rodriguez attended school hardly able to read but developed a passion for books. At first, he read aloud to overcome the loneliness he felt while reading as implied by Rodriguez (173) but changed in the course of being tutored by a nun. His desire to read was greatly influenced by the emphasis placed on the importance of reading as a learning method by the teachers and the classroom environment. He learned from the stickers in his classroom that he was supposed to read to learn getting the impression that he could only learn by reading and that the information from reading was indisputable as stated by Rodriguez (170).

Rodriguez’s key purpose for reading was acknowledgment. He valued the extra credit he received from teachers for reading outside the classroom as implied by Rodriguez (172). Rodriguez rejoiced in crossing a book off his list instead of the satisfaction he got from learning new things since he never read to comprehend the content. He was inclined to reading complicated books as he would ask for their titles and look for them in the library sadly doubting whether simple enjoyable books were books an indication that he did not have any clue concerning the significance of reading.

The notion that books would open doors, introduce him to people and show him places he never imagined existed stuck from the time the nun told Rodriguez and gave him the determination to exploit that possibility as illustrated by Rodriguez (173). Moreover, the belief that reading offered academic success became his motivation factor and he excelled as he had expected which became his source of consolation amid his confusion regarding the relevance of reading, a confusion heightened by his mother’s query regarding what he was in books. Later, he realized reading was unproductive as he felt he was not gaining everything he was supposed to from books.

Response to The lonely good company of books

The Lonely Good Company of Books by Rodriguez exploits the misconception of the meaning and purpose of reading by students that have proved lethal in the long run. Reading can be very productive as a mode of learning as it assists to widen the individual’s scope of knowledge and horizon but futile if done for the sake. The reading of the complicated large volume of books by students without absorbing the content thus failing to learn is a complete waste of time as realized by the author later on since his major purpose for reading initially was an acknowledgment by his teachers.

The concept of reading is the core of classroom activity as dictated by the education system according to the book. However, its effectiveness as a learning method for every individual has raised concern since it appears not all students are benefiting with most students like Rodriguez being victims of quantity pointless reading. As much as he gained academic excellence as he had expected by reading, Rodriguez did not feel like he learned much as he never read to understand indicating that reading was not the most effective learning method for him. Therefore, learners should be exposed to all learning methods and given the opportunity to make their own choices regarding what works best for them and the chance to exploit those options.

Rodriguez’s experience illustrates the weakness in the education system that overemphasize certain concepts like reading but fails to provide proper guidelines concerning the reason for its importance and how to go about it. For instance, Rodriguez in The Lonely Good Company, just knew reading was vital for his success academically but he had no idea why or how just like most students and since academic excellence is the center of the education system they fail to find out instead tug along due to their teachers’ support. Also, most students’ orientation to reading is always poor as they fail to understand from the begging that the information from books act as a guideline in the learning process and can be challenged just like Rodriguez

In conclusion, reading skill as a learning method is good but requires proper directives regarding purpose, the reading method as well as book selections since not all books are productive. Furthermore, the focus on reading ought to be placed on understanding, and students whose satisfaction in reading does not reflect the joy of learning new things should be discouraged early.

Works Cited

Rodriguez, Richard. “The Lonely, Good Company of Books.” The Brief McGraw-Hill Reader: Issues Across the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.

5/5 - (3 votes)

Understanding the Role of Social Factors in Determining Health Outcomes

by | May 23, 2023 | Essays | 0 comments

Introduction

The social determinants of healthcare are situations in which people grow, work, born or live and age. The circumstances are created by power, money and resources distribution at the local, national and global level. The social determinants of health are in most cases responsible for the inequalities in health. This report will identify, discuss, analyse social determinant of health and public health and its relationship to health inequality in Sutton. Moreover, it will discuss the current social and health policies and explain an example of contemporary public health provision in Sutton.

 

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Social Determinants of Health in Sutton

Sutton is situated in south London with a population of 191,123 of whom 51% are female and 49% male (Sutton 1990).  According to (Sutton 1990), under 5 year olds account for 6.7%, working age 20–64 accounts 60.8% compared to 64.4% in London.  Sutton’s residents aged 65 years and above forms 13.4%. This is higher when compared to the 11.2% that is of average in London.  Moreover, minority ethnic population accounts for 21%.

According to Mann (1966: 169), the Borough of Sutton continued being much healthy. However, there existed an unacceptable wide range of death rates and life expectancy in some of the major death causes. These inequalities are shown in teenage pregnancies, low birth weight babies and prevalence of smoking, which are key wellbeing and health predictors. The life expectancy for men is 79.4 years, and women are 83, compared with the national average of 78.3 and 82.3 years respectively.  The three main causes of death in Sutton are Heart disease, stroke and cancer (Royal College of Physicians Of London 2011)

According to Marmot & Wilkinson (1999), health is a basic human right and a necessity. There exist wider determinants of health and wellbeing of Sutton as observed by (Glasby & Dickinson (2008). Therefore, innovative ways of working and strong partnerships are significant in reduction of health inequalities. Barnard et al (2008) pointed that 16.7% of children are living in poverty compared to 28.0% in London.  Furthermore, there are 31,816 people who are not in employment, education or training and are of 18 year of age. Pitkin & Varda (2009: 272-306) further observed that in Sutton the children with special educational needs are approximately 1,087.  The economic activity rate is 78.3% among working age people in Sutton, and this is higher than75.1%, the average in London.   70.6% of council housing met the Government’s housing standard.  There are about 80,000 homes and approximately 250 households in Sutton that will be affected by the total welfare benefit cap in 2013. Over 5,000 households currently on social housing waiting list and 168 households statutorily homeless during 2011/12 (Cox et al 2007).

The government has invested in health researchers to determine the factors that impact health. These factors are also known as health determinants. Complex interactions of life’s every stage between physical environments, the individual behavior, social and economic factors determine health. It is the combined influence of the determinants of health that determines health status and does not exist in isolation from each other. These determinants impact the collective and personal well-being of the people in Sutton (Baggott 2004: 78).

The health inequalities between rich and poor exist in the Borough of Sutton. This poses a great challenge in the field of health related areas which needs to be overcome for the valid progress of any society. These inequalities prevail when the poor are discriminated and not treated with equality. This can be injurious to the health of society as a whole. The discrimination defines the validity of equality in rights to health among people and gives rise in numerous health care related problems (Jerome 1983).

According to McKenzie, et al (2008), some health status indicators and determinants include:

  • Social Support Networks.
  • Social Environments.
  • Physical Environments.
  • Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills.
  • Income and Social Status.
  • Healthy Child Development.
  • Health Services.
  • Gender.
  • Employment/Working Conditions.
  • Education and Literacy.
  • Culture.
  • Life choices.
  • Biology and Genetic Endowment.

Some people have the genetic tendency to health status, and it is drawn from their biological background and ancestors. This can be thought as an endowment or course. Similarly, Royal College of Physicians of London (2011) adds that health also corresponds to culture. For example, obesity is viewed as a point of embarrassment in some cultures. Thus, the norms in culture demand an idealistic perspective of health. This also tends to vary in different genders. Men are supposed to be strong and active, whereas females are stereotyped as curvy in response to perfection (Marmot & Wilkinson 1999). This perception is the outcome of culture shock upon arriving in the United States. These students must understand the cultural beliefs and customs.

The education and literacy also play a significant role in health status as determinant. The educational background differentiates the favorable or hazardous conditions regarding health. The working conditions should be according to the safety measures provided for workers in the organisation. These working conditions are also considered as determinants of health because of their influence in the conditions (Glasby & Dickinson 2008). Health services provided by the medical institutions such as hospitals and clinics are the participants in the health concerns and thus regarded as health determinants. Similarly, institutions such as insurance foundations that provide policies for health concerns are the developing phenomenon these days. They also contribute in the health status of the people. However, this depends on the income and social status of the individual up to some extent. Financially stable people tend to enjoy better health benefits than the less privileged; therefore, it is also counted under the broad category of health status determinants (Barnard et al 2008). The personal health is also a matter of an individual and practiced on a daily scale. People have a propensity to take care of themselves. They have reflexes to respond to physical and social environment in undertaking such practices considering their own health. Thus, they are themselves viewed as determinants of health within the category on a personal level.

Current health and social care policies in Sutton

According to Pitkin et al (2009: 272-306), many conditions affect the health, and they include poverty, drugs provision among others. Health and social care policies prevent deviations from the health related concerns and misconduct of procedures. Moreover, the health and social care policies depend on factors related to health. The opportunity to enjoy the rights to health requires advancements in health care, community planning, childcare, education, law, media and housing.

According to Cox et al (2007), there is differential access to the services of the public including health services due to health inequalities in Sutton. The white paper “Our Health, Our Care, Our Say” gave a policy direction focusing on personalized responsive services and change to early intervention and prevention. Moreover, subsequent policy documents “NHS Next Stage Review,” “Putting People First,” and “Equity and Excellence- Liberating the NHS,” focused on personalized and individualisation in both health and social care (Baggott 2004).

Jerome (1983) observed that the white paper of Equity and Excellence-Liberating the NHS provided the framework for NHS radical reforms. The main theme in the government’s policy was to integrate the health and social care services, develop with health the resilient communities, and place the user of the services at the centre of all service design with the health choices and wellbeing of local people. The target is delivering to every individual an improved health outcome, reducing dependency on welfare and health provisions and ensuring the delivered services are affordable and of high quality.

According to McKenzie et al (2008), Case study and instructor’s guide created by: Jeanette K. Stehr-Green, MD, public health services formerly provided by the NHS SW London have been transferred to local councils. At the local level in Sutton, some of the current health and social policies include:

Helping citizens make informed choices on social and health care

Barnard et al (2008) observed that NHS patients currently can choose their hospital they are referred to or GP, in most circumstances. Furthermore, personal budgets allow the flexibility of making choices and control their support and social care arrangements. This has made services and information be more responsive and available to the needs of the people.

Observing dignity, respect and compassion when treating patients

The skilled staff should observe dignity, respect and compassion when attending to every person using the paper will examine the systems of heath care in United States and Canada and try to make comparisons. In United States, the health care services. The council wants compassion to be incorporated in the health and social care services. This means quality care being part of quality treatment. This is implemented by providing information to people about their services to help them in making informed choices, using personal health budgets (Barnard et al 2008)

Adult social services policies.

This aims to improve the health of the people that require support and care, encouraging residents to live as independently as possible, ensuring people are happy with the support they receive, and protecting adults. The point of focus for Sutton is to maintain the policy in line with the dynamic environment and adjust its flexibility (Barnard et al 2008).

Integration of the health and social services

The national statistics shows that the number of people with health problems is increasing, and require both social and health care. This shows that people with complex health needs are probably many. This calls for of the social and health care services integration. The council of Sutton ensures that the policy of integration of the health of social services is implemented by:

  • Collaborating with healthcare organisations to provide integrated health care.
  • Allowing people make decisions on the best services that are best for them such as providing personal health budgets.
  • Removing integrated health care barriers.
  • Coordinating the people’s care.
  • Provision of information on health care needs of people.
  • Giving support to the people transferring from one service need to the next.

Quality of life improvement for people with long term conditions

Long term conditions are incurable health problems that can be controlled by therapies and medication. They include dementia, depression, high blood pressure and arthritis. According to Royal College of Physicians Of London (2011), the borough of Sutton has a large population of its citizens having long term conditions and the number is projected to rise over the next ten years. The care to people with the condition accounts for 70% of the total health and social care money in England (Glasby et al 2008). The council of Sutton plans to better the life of people suffering from the long term conditions by:

  • Consulting them on the best care plan for them based on their individual needs
  • Helping them acquire skills for management of their own health.
  • Ensuring their care is well coordinated.

The council also uses technology in curbing this condition. Telecare and Telehealth services that encompass blood pressure alarms and monitors are examples. Pitkin et al (2009: 272-306) observed that technology used correctly reduces:

  • Visits to emergency and accidents departments by 15%
  • Rates of death by 45%
  • Hospital emergency admissions by 20%

 

The Contemporary Public Health Provision In Relation To the Organisation of Health and Social Care

The contemporary public health provisions are nowadays highly regarded by the government agencies. The government is investing heavily on these issues but also realised that investing in them is only a part of the solution. The research on health is done by the government on a broader scale for the welfare of people. According to Sutton (2009), In Sutton, the adults who receive support from Adult Social Services are approximately 2,500. In addition, the number receiving support through voluntary sector funded prevention services are nearly 1,000 people. Therefore, a total of 3,500 adults received care and support funded by Sutton Council (Sutton 2009).

Cox et al (2007) asserted that Adult Social Services consider social and community context including family structure, social cohesion, perceptions of equity and discrimination, civic participation, institutionalisation. The family structure of the person is highly noticed for the health issues. Like any organisation, this service is impacted by the economic conditions in carrying out its task. Therefore, it is bound to comply with such uncertain conditions. They have to examine the access to employment, employment status, poverty, and housing stability of the individuals in order to take proper actions. The education background is also observed. This comprises of enrolment in higher education, school policies that support health promotion, graduation rates, and school environments that are safe and conducive to learning.

The health provisions services in Sutton consider the health care as comprising of several components. These components include access to health services along with access to primary care with community-based health promotion and wellness programs, clinical and preventive care, and the technological establishments in health care programs. The neighborhood and environment of any area is judged by access to healthy foods, environmental conditions, crime and violence, and quality of housing. This organising framework has been used to develop in relation to the organisation of health and social care. Adult Social Services in Sutton have also been utilizing the same framework of social determinants of health for the purpose of better understanding and contribution of work in Sutton’s health care (Baggott 2004).

The government and other voluntary organisations strive for the successful provisions of health and social provisions to the public regarding safety and health concerns. This is essential for the public these days due to the increasing pollution in the fast-pace and dynamic environment. Health considerations are the basic right of every person by the world health organisation. The prevailing problem is the successful delivery of these rights to the public in different settings (Jerome 1983).

The increase in the awareness of people as a result of advancements and accessibility to technology at personal levels has made them more conscious to the related issues of health. Therefore, it is not only the organisation’s responsibility to cope with the health issues, but has inclined towards a relatively personal level, as well.

According to McKenzie et al (2008), the social determinants of health have indicated the several factors impacting the health and social care aspects. The overall promotion and maintenance of health is achieved through different combination of mental, physical, and social well-being. This means that health is not specifically or entirely related to the physical factors, but also the mental satisfaction is also correlated. Similarly, environment can also be considered as an important factor contributing in the social health determinants. This includes characteristics of the social environment, the built environment, and the natural environment. Resources such as adequate housing, clean water and air and safe communities and roads all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children (Marmot et al 1999).

The health and social care provisions are faced by many discriminations and health inequalities. Financially stable people tend to enjoy better health benefits than the less privileged people. There are clear inequalities in terms of Coronary Heart Disease, stroke, diabetes, respiratory disease (COPD) and cancer across the borough and between genders.  The linking factors are smoking and obesity.  Inequalities exist in accessing services with those most at risk and not accessing services as much as those least at risk. Therefore, it is also counted under the broad category of health status determinants. The personal health is also a matter of an individual and should be practiced on a daily scale. People have a propensity to take care of themselves. They have reflexes to respond to physical and social environment in undertaking such practices considering their own health. Therefore, they are themselves viewed as determinants of health within the category on a personal level.

Glasby et al (2008) suggested that the equality must be developed to ensure the proper and indistinctive medical treatment to each social class and individuals regardless of the social constraints. This is usually backed by the establishment of better health related programs and introduction of policies supporting the resolutions of these restrictions based on underlying factors. Resources are scarcely available to poor people who lead low life and unhealthy living. Examples of these resources include dirty activities that result to physical healthiness. For example, proper diet, ensuring that all meals are balanced and taking a lot of water, pollution, and other factors.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there exist many social determinants of health in the borough of Sutton. These varies from physical,  health,  social, health care, cultural factors have a strong influence on patients’ and families” decisions. Some cultural,  environmental and educational determinants .The settings in the borough include the improvement of the lives of people that need care and support, encouraging residents to live as independently as possible, ensuring people are happy with the support they receive, and protecting adults. Their policies are aligned with these points to serve the adult people and to take care of them. These policies are maintained according to the dynamic environment and adjust flexibly. Lastly, the contemporary health provision in Sutton addresses the current health interventions. These are steered by the government and the voluntary organisations.

References

Sutton (England). (1990) The London Borough of Sutton, Gloucester: British Pub, Co.

Mann, D. S. (1966) Sutton. S.l, D. Mann].

Royal College Of Physicians Of London. (2011) Social determinants of health. Clinical Medicine -London- Royal College of Physicians-, 11.

Marmot, M. G., & Wilkinson, R. G. (1999) Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Glasby, J., & Dickinson, H. (2008) Partnership working in health and social care. Bristol [England]: Policy Press.

Barnard, A., Horner, N., & Wild, J. (2008) The value base of social work and social care. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press. Retrieved on 20th July 2013 from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=265842.

Pitkin Derose, K., & Varda, D. (2009) Social Capital and Health Care Access. Medical Care Research and Review. 66, 272-306.

Cox, J. L., Campbell, A. V., & Fulford, K. W. M. (2007) Medicine of the person faith, science, and values in health care provision. London: Jessica Kingsley. Retrieved on 20th july 2013 from

http://site.ebrary.com/id/10182456.

Baggott, R. (2004) Health and health care in Britain, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jerrome, D. (1983) Ageing in modern society: contemporary approaches. London: Croom Helm.

Mckenzie, J. F., Pinger, R. R., & Kotecki, J. E. (2008) An introduction to community health. Sudbury: Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Gallagher, E. B., & Riska, E. (2001) The Sociology of health and illness. London: Sage Publications.

Bovenberg, L., Van Soest, A. H. O., & Zaidi, M. A. (2010) Ageing, health and pensions in Europe An economic and social policy perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

RCN Society of Occupational Health Nursing. (1963) Occupational health. London: Ballière Tindall.

Charlesworth, L. (1983) 100 years of public health in Sutton 1883-1983. Sutton. London: Borough of Sutton.

Jones, A. M. (2006) The Elgar companion to health economics. Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar.

Perkins, E. R. (1978) Health education and preschool provision in Sutton-in-Ashfield. [Nottingham]: University of Nottingham.

Fortune, D. (2006) An examination of quality of work life And quality of care within a health care setting. Waterloo, Ont: University of Waterloo.

Yuill, C., Crinson, I., & Duncan, E. (2010) Key concepts in health studies. London: Sage Publications. Retrieved on July 22, 2013 from

http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=783500.

London Health Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range Planning Consortium. (1979) Acute hospital services in London. [London]: Published for the Dept. of Health and Social Security by H.M. Stationery Off.

Purdy, M., & Banks, D. (1999) Health and exclusion: policy and practice in health provision. London: Routledge.

Wall, A. (1996) Health care systems in liberal democracies. London: Routledge.

5/5 - (1 vote)

Japanese Modernist Literature: Unveiling Literary Experimentation and Cultural Shifts

by | May 23, 2023 | Essays | 0 comments

From the 1910s up to the 1930s was one of the very interesting times of the literature of the Japanese. These years were the beginning of the modernist movement and replacing the Meiji Restoration resulting in the early maturity of the Showa period. During these times, literary imagination responded more to the transformation of the nation because Japan was going through major industrialization and therefore they expanded more in Asia. In the twentieth century’s early decades, many writers worked more with self-internalization. It was also an exciting period of literary experimentation where different writers put into test Marxist thinking, cosmopolitanism, futurism, utopianism, and the avant-garde in their works of fiction. The majority of the writers who aliased with Angela Yiu, for example, the ones from Three Dimensional Reading just like those of the Shinkankaku-ha followed new methodologies and theories of art in different forms of languages, narrative strategy, and expression.

 

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The first part of the anthropology constitutes four stories that were published between the years 1911-1926. They talk about ways the current author’s pictured interiority as they demonstrate the main boundary between space that is enclosed and open, urban exteriority. The second part however consists of six very short fictions. The urban spaces that are featured in this section contain social criticism. These spaces vary from fantasies that are homemade. In this case, Yiu tries to create the chances of many imaginary crossings where various temporary dimensions come together to bring a deeper reading experience. In part three of this anthropology, it is all about a variety of rich Utopian literature. Stories in this part are situated in an imaginary space which is made in man’s vision of Tanizaki’s aesthetic perfection. The works that are added in this anthropology represents well the time when there was a great test in the relationship between modernism and language (Huffman, 2013). Yiu uses these stories in locating the experimentation of Japanese modernist fiction with the exchange of global by giving the reader a chance to give a response to the transformation of urban. Most readers will see the relevance of this anthropology in understanding modern Japanese literature.

In the Three Dimensional Reading, she curates fourteen short stories that were published between the years 1911 and 1932 whereby the main theme of these stories was conceptual depth discovery. This is because it talks about the response of fictional imagination to Japanese modernism, its temporal, abstract, and spatial modern consciousness representation. The main themes in these stories are modernity and urbanization in Japan. Harry Harootunian states in one of his articles that, “A Walker in the City” is what the course of inflection in japan was with the experiences of modernization found all over the globe and therefore could be accessed as any occasion of the seekers. Yiu expects the same results and introduces these kinds of works to readers who speak in English from the Western and Japanese by using different concepts. With the use of great skills, she puts every author, his innovative and distinctive use of the spaces in urban areas, and how he has contributed to Japanese modernism development with the use of historic and cultural contexts. As much as there are not enough amounts of background and biographical information, the introductions given is very helpful to the reader as it assists in the visualization of the country before modernism. The stories are seen as more three dimensional when they receive compliments from different authors. You portray a visualization of multi-layered internal consciousness which is shown in phantasmal, temporal construction, and modernist spatial.

The main theme in Hell in a Bottle is freedom.it is seen that Keawe’s fingers are clasped on the stalk and he had taken breathe to be a cleaner man than he was. This explains why when he gets home to his room and undresses in front of a glass, he feels whole again on his flesh like a baby. He is confined to various things of the world and he needs freedom. He then feels a strange thing within him and realizes he had never seen a miracle before. For the first time, he realizes he does not care about the Chinese evil and very little about Kokua he feels he is free from all these and when he remembered in this place he was confined as the bottle imp eternally (Yiu, 2013). He needs redemption because if he stays here, he will forever be referred to that. There is the theme of love. Keawe is scared of being alone and as walks among happy faces, he hears a song he had played with Kokua playing, and all over sudden courage returned to him. This encouraged him and made him go back to Hawaii and hoped he would be wedded to Kokua. We are told that when these two were in a place together, Keawe’s heart became still but he befell into horror every time he was alone. Kokua had gone wholly to him and there was a leap of her heart when she saw him.

References

Huffman, J. L. (2013). Modern Japan: an encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism. Routledge.

Yiu, A. (2013). Three-Dimensional Reading: Stories of Time and Space in Japanese Modernist Fiction, 1911-1932. Hell in a Bottle, pp. 240-250. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

5/5 - (6 votes)

Unveiling McDonald’s Corporate Strategy and Industry Insights

by | May 23, 2023 | Essays | 0 comments

McDonald’s Corporation.

Question #1

  1. Vision

The vision of McDonald’s Corporation is the establishment of its franchises by expanding its operations throughout the United States and other parts of the world.

2. Mission

The mission of the organization is to satisfy each customer through their world’s best quality services.

3. Objectives

The main goals and objectives of this company are to attract customers by providing quality food, convincing customers to buy their products more often through their quick services to save time, increasing brand loyalty by offering value for the customer’s money, and lastly to make more profit.

 

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Question #2

1. Key Elements of McDonald’s Corporate Strategy

The company’s corporate strategy has been to expand its operations since the 1960s. They had plans to establish McDonald’s restaurants in every part of the world. For this reason, the company had to come up with an adaptation strategy and make adjustments to its menu in several locations such as Israel, Arab countries, and India, where the menu is strictly vegetarian. The target market strategy is to invest in areas where there is potential profit. When it comes to the target population, mothers, children, and young adults form the main consumers of McDonald’s products.

2. McDonald’s Business Strategy

MacDonald’s ensures that its customers for their money by lowering its prices but still provide quality food. The company’s main focus is also to give the customers the best services by making sure that they are served quickly in a clean environment. This has been made possible by eliminating certain food items from the menu and focus on the traditional menu items. MacDonald’s has changed its business strategy due to concerns by consumers about health and consider MacDonald’s food as unfit for consumption due to the health risks that they pose. The company dealt with this issue by increasing consumer trust by providing healthy food options such as salad, ice tea, coffee, and other low-calorie food. Another very important strategy for Macdonald is digital marketing whereby marketing is done online through social media networks. The company has been known to lead in technological advances since 1987 by using microwaves and be a step ahead of its competitors. The introduction of an expanded breakfast menu is a strategy that has proven to be successful. It accounts for the largest proportion of company sales; about 30%.

3. McDonald’s Culture

A company should have a successful corporate culture to improve the quality of services offered by the employees and increase productivity. Corporate culture improves the brand identity and image of the company. A company that has a culture of retaining its employee by providing a friendly working environment, having favorable employment policies, and financial ways of motivating them will record a high productivity rate which will lead to satisfied clients. McDonald’s Company has its principles set for operations. Its main aim is to give quality products to its customers and deliver quick services to avoid delays and save time. It also focuses on working in a clean environment and make sure clients get value for their money. The company also believes in brand loyalty, it is committed to making sure that the company retains its glory that it acquired over the years.

Question #3

Quick Service Restaurant Industry Analysis

  1. Bargaining Power of Buyers

The customers who prefer to eat out and opt for high-quality food but at the same time are sensitive to the food prices. The fast-food companies have an obligation to satisfy their customers by providing high-quality food at reasonable prices and retaining them.

2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers

This is when the restaurants purchase food (raw) from external sources. For the suppliers to offer healthier menus and fresh products the supply cost has to increase. This can be caused by drought conditions which force the farmers to turn to more expensive irrigation. Fuel cost is also a contributing factor to the increased in agricultural products. This is a challenge to this industry because despite the high supply cost they still have the responsibility to provide quality healthier menus at favorable prices.

3. Threat of New Entrants

The threat of new entrants in this industry is extremely high. There are fast food companies such as burger king, Wendy’s, and taco bell that were introduced after McDonald’s. These companies pose a threat to the McDonalds Corporation because each one of them has outperformed the company before.

3. Threats of Substitutes

This is about the products and the prices. The competitors of McDonald’s Company offer a variety of items in their menu and have different innovations as they strive to offer quality services too. This is also an important factor to consider in the fast-food industry because it keeps McDonald’s Company on its toes in providing quality services to its customers.

4. Rivalry Among Existing Players

The rivalry is expected when the companies are offering the same products and services hence competing for the same customers. McDonald’s competitors such as burger king launched an attack on the company in 2015. A good example is an advertisement that burger king made to call for peace day which was spurned by McDonald’s who chose pride over peace.

Question #4

Company Situation Analysis

  1. Strengths
  • The brand image of the company highly contributes to its success; it was strongly built since the 1940s. This has really helped the company in retaining customers.
  • The expansion of the company to various parts of the world that have high potential in profit-making has proofed to be successful.
  • The company makes huge returns from the breakfast and lunch packages. Annually the sales from the franchise are about $1.7 million with a profit of around $150,000.

2. Weaknesses

  • The company has low flexibility to market variation.
  • Increased complaints about health concerns about the products offered by the company.
  • The company has limited and delayed innovations.

3. Opportunities

  • The McDonalds Company has an opportunity in global expansion and diversification of its products.
  • There is also an opportunity in attracting more millennial populations by revising their strategy of attracting customers.

4. Threats

  • There is a threat in terms of competition with other fast-food companies that may destabilize the company’s position.
  • The company faces the loss of customers due to an identity crisis.

In summary according to the analysis, as much as the company has built its brand image, it faces problems in the diversification of products and process flexibility. Once the company finds solutions to these problems it will create opportunities for business expansion and have an advantage over competitors

Question #5

Recommendation

The company should come up with a diversification strategy. This involves product and business expansion to other markets for growth and is at par with its competitors in this industry. This strategy will minimize the weakness in low product variation and deal with the threat of aggressive competition.

References

Rothaermel, F., & Arthaud-day, M. (2015). Strategic management: concepts.

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